Olympia, Temple of Zeus, Cretan Bull metope, reconstruction (small)

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Detail of Herakles' face, side view

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Full figure, frontal

Olympia, Temple of Zeus, Cretan Bull metope, reconstruction (large)

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Detail of the Bull's head, frontal

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Detail of the Bull's head, side view

Collection: Olympia Archaeological Museum
Title: Olympia Cretan Bull Metope
Context: From Olympia
Findspot: Excavated at Olympia
Summary: Herakles and the Cretan Bull
Material: Marble
Sculpture Type: Architectural
Category: Statuary group
Placement: West Metope 4
Style: Early Classical
Technique: High relief
Original or Copy: Original
Date: ca. 470 BC - ca. 457 BC
Dimensions:

H 1.60 m (approximately square)

Scale: Under life-size
Region: Elis
Period: Early Classical
In Group: Olympia Metopes


Subject Description:

The fourth metope depicts Herakles' capture of the Cretan Bull, which he was to bring alive to King Eurystheus. The Early Classical choice of a moment late in the struggle is again shown. Herakles has already roped the bull and is bringing him under final control. In order to emphasize the huge size of the bull, the sculptor has created a new composition for the first depiction of this episode on a monumental scale. Herakles and the bull form two crossing diagonals, with the head and right foreleg of the bull pulled back in order that its body can occupy the entire breadth of the metope. The heads of both Herakles and the bull are turned back and face each other in order to knit the composition even more closely.

Condition: Fragmentary

Condition Description:

The upper two-thirds of the metope (in Paris) are relatively complete, missing the exception of the arms and legs of Herakles. The head of the bull and the lower third of the metope are in Olympia. Lower third of metope and projecting elements are very battered. Surface of upper metope, though weathered, is better preserved. At the time of their discovery the fragments still retained some color, red on the bull and blue on the background.

Associated Building: Olympia, Temple of Zeus

Sources Used:

Stewart 1990, 142 ff.; Brommer 1986; Boardman 1985a, 33ff.; Mallwitz & Herrmann 1980, 161ff.; Robertson 1975, 276 ff.; Ashmole 1972, 27 ff.; Ridgway 1970; Ashmole & Yalouris 1967