CHAPTER 5: ART & ARCHAEOLOGY

Perseus contains information, illustrations, and images about the art and archaeology of ancient Greece. The Art & Archaeology resource is the main repository for this information, although relevant entries are also found in the Encyclopedia and other resources in Perseus. Information is contained in five catalogs: Sites, Architecture, Sculpture, Pottery, and Coins. Each catalog is organized according to a structure based on the unique characteristics of its objects. For example, Architecture is indexed by site, building type, period, and date, while Coins are indexed by mint, region, issuing authority, denomination, and date.

All objects in the Art & Archaeology catalogs are documented in text and visual formats. Each entry is accompanied by illustrated site plans and color photographs, as applicable. The catalogs are also linked with one another. For example, the Sculpture catalog indicates the building on which a sculpture is located. The Architecture catalog indicates the site at which the building is located. The Archaeological Keyword Search enables you to browse and investigate objects documented in the catalogs.

You may use the Links Menu from another Perseus resource to explore a theme in Art & Archaeology. If you have selected text before choosing an Art & Archaeology catalog from the Links Menu, you will go directly to the related article in that catalog.

Each object in Perseus is documented according to the best information available. Not all characteristics are known for all objects and so are sometimes blank. Dates identified for archaeological objects are approximate.

5.1 ART & ARCHAEOLOGY INDEX

The Art & Archaeology Index is accessible by clicking the Art & Archaeology icon on the Perseus Gateway. The catalogs and indexes of Art & Archaeology are presented in a scrolling text field (figure 5.1).

Figure 5.1 Art & Archaeology Index

Click an index name under one of the Art & Archaeology catalogs.

Perseus displays a detailed index of the resources available for the selected category. For example, if you clicked "Index by region" under the category Sites, a detailed index of sites sorted by region appears.

5.2 SITES

SITE INDEXES

Sites are indexed in three ways: by region, type, and period. All sites are also listed alphabetically. The description here uses the Index by region as an example. Regions encompass cities or sites that may have belonged to different political units at different times. Assignment of cities and sites to regions follows accepted conventions for the classical period.

Click "Index by region" under the category Sites on the Art & Archaeology Index.

Perseus displays a more detailed index that shows the list of sites in the left column. On any of the detailed index displays, the list in the left column is based on the type of index selected, which is indicated by the icon and title at the top of the display. The detailed index for sites listed by region is depicted below (figure 5.2).

Figure 5.2 Detailed index for sites listed by region

Hold the mouse button down on the Index Type button to select a different index .

Try the other three indexes. Return the index selection to the Index by region to follow the rest of this description.

The left column lists regions.

Click Elis under the region list in the left column.

The right column lists the sites in the selected region, Elis. The name of the selected region appears above the right column. The sites are listed in two categories: Documented and Undocumented. Documented indicates that a full catalog entry exists for the site. Undocumented indicates that the catalog entry consists only of a Site Summary, blank except for region information. Undocumented sites are included to provide access to Perseus images of these sites.

Click Olympia under the site list in the right column.

For sites listed under Documented, the full catalog entry consists of a Site Summary and a Site Description.

SITE SUMMARY

Perseus displays a Summary of the selected site.

The Site Summary for Olympia is depicted below (figure 5.3). The name of this site is displayed above the site information.

Figure 5.3 Site Summary for Olympia

Description

Click Description to see a more detailed article for this site.

When Perseus displays the article, the name of this button changes to Summary.

Click Summary to return to the Site Summary.

Index

Click Index to return to the Site Index.

Click the Go Back icon on the Navigator to return to the Site Summary for Olympia.

This will help you follow the description below.

Site information

Information shown for the selected site includes the region, periods, and type, as applicable. A summary of the site is also displayed.

Plans and views

Site plans and photographic views accompany the sites. Large and small composite site plans are described later in this chapter. Views are described immediately below.

The views are digitized images or videodisc still-frames, depending on your Perseus Settings. The views available for the selected site are listed alphabetically below the site information. The number of views available is also displayed.

Click a view to see a digitized or videodisc image.

Your Perseus Settings (available from the Gateway) control the display of digitized images, videodisc images, or both. Image credits appear in a floating window that can be closed or repositioned on the screen.

Click the close box of the image, if you are using digitized images.

NOTE: The images are not stored in HyperCard and therefore should be treated differently from other Perseus elements. In particular, you must click the close box to remove an image. If the window is not active, click in the title bar. If you use the Navigator while an image window is open, Perseus will respond, but you will be unable to see the response because the image window will be covering the active HyperCard window.

SITE DESCRIPTION

Click Description to see a more detailed article for this site (figure 5.4).

Figure 5.4 Site Description for Olympia

The name of the site is displayed above the description. The Summary button changes the display back to the Site Summary for Olympia. Clicking Index returns you to the Site Index.

The description of the site includes, as applicable, information on its physical characteristics, history, and excavation. Sources and general bibliographic information are included, as applicable.

SMALL COMPOSITE SITE PLAN

From the list of plans and views, a Small Composite Site Plan may be available for the selected site.

Click Small Composite Site Plan to see an overview plan of Olympia.

The Small Composite Site Plan is shown for Olympia. In this example, the Small Composite Site Plan also has a button called Sanctuary Phases.

Click Sanctuary Phases to see a site plan of the sanctuary.

The Composite Site Plan for the Sanctuary in Olympia is depicted below (figure 5.5). Drawing credits appear in a floating window that can be closed or repositioned on the screen.

Figure 5.5 Composite Site Plan for Sanctuary in Olympia

Plan Menu

The Plan Menu appears in the menu bar, to the right of the Links and Perseus menus, when you are looking at a small plan. The Plan Menu for the Small Composite Site Plan has one option.

Choose Site Catalog from the Plan Menu to see the Site Summary.

Click the Go Back icon on the Navigator to return to the Small Composite Site Plan.

Construction Phases

On some site plans, a Construction Phases pop-up menu appears. You can use this to view the evolution of the site through maps of different phases (figure 5.5).

Hold the mouse button down on Construction Phases and release the mouse button on one of the phases.

The plan shows the layout of the site during the selected phase.

LARGE COMPOSITE SITE PLAN

A Large Composite Site Plan for the selected site may be available from the list of plans and views.

The Large Composite Site Plan for the site is a detailed site plan. The Large Composite Site Plan uses a scroll window, a Plan Menu, and active areas on the plan that can be clicked for more information. The Large Composite Site Plan for Olympia, with the Plan Menu selected, is depicted below (figure 5.6).

Figure 5.6 Large Composite Site Plan for Olympia, with Plan Menu

Drawing credits appear in a floating window that can be closed or repositioned on the screen.

Scroll Window

A second floating window, the scroll window, appears with a small rectangle that indicates the relation of the current screen to the full size of the Large Composite Site Plan.

Move the rectangle to move around the full map window. (Place the cursor in the center of the rectangle and drag it to a new location.)

Resize the current map window to increase or decrease the map size. (Place the cursor near an edge or corner of the rectangle and drag it to resize the rectangle.)

If necessary, review the information in chapter 2, "Basics," to use the scroll window.

Plan Menu

The Plan Menu appears in the menu bar, to the right of the Links and Perseus menus, when you are viewing a site plan. The Plan Menu for the Large Composite Site Plan has three choices. The first concerns the use of image buttons, which show you what parts of the plan are accompanied by digitized or videodisc images. If the selected plan does not have image buttons, this first menu choice is Go to Plan with Image Buttons. If image buttons are available, this first menu choice is Show Image Buttons or Hide Image Buttons, depending on the current state of the plan.

Show and Hide Image Buttons

Image buttons can be displayed on a dimmed image of the site plan to indicate views that are captured in digitized or videodisc images.

Choose Show Image Buttons from the Plan Menu by holding the mouse button down on Plan and releasing it on Show Image Buttons.

This menu item toggles between the choices to show and hide the buttons. The direction of the arrow on the image buttons indicates the perspective from which the original photograph was made.

Click an image button to see the digitized image or videodisc still-frame image for this item.

Image credits appear in a floating window that can be closed or repositioned on the screen. If you are viewing a digitized image, you must click the close box to remove the image.

Small Site Plan

Choose Small Site Plan from the Plan Menu to go directly to a small plan of the site.

Site Description

Choose Site Description from the Plan Menu to go directly to the Site Summary.

Identify Architecture on Site Plan

The site plans are closely linked to the Architecture resources in Perseus.

Click a building on the Large Composite Site Plan.

If the building is in the Perseus Architecture catalog, a dialog box appears showing the name of the building and site, with the choices to see a plan for that building, see a catalog article for the building, or cancel. Not every building at a site is cataloged.

YOUR OWN SITE LINKS

Try your own links between the Site catalog and the Atlas using the text select tool and Links Menu. If the site is a known site in the Atlas, Perseus will plot the site when you find it using the Links Menu.

Also try your own links between the Site catalog and the Architecture and Sculpture catalogs using the Links Menu.

5.3 ARCHITECTURE

Architecture is indexed in four ways: by site, building type, period, and date. The description here uses the Index by building type as an example.

ARCHITECTURE INDEX

Click "Index by building type" under the category Architecture on the Art & Archaeology Index.

Perseus displays an alphabetical list of building types in the left column. The detailed index for architecture listed by building types is depicted below (figure 5.7).

Figure 5.7 Detailed index for architecture listed by building types

Hold the mouse button down on the Index Type button to select a different index.

Try the other index types to see their detailed indexes. Return the selection to the Index by building type to follow the rest of this description.

The left column lists building types. When a building type is selected, the right column lists the sites at which this type of building is located. The number of buildings of the selected type is also displayed.

Click Bouleuterion under the list of building types in the left column.

Eight sites with bouleuteria are listed in the right column.

Click Olympia, Bouleterion, under the list of buildings in the right column.

The full catalog entry consists of an Architecture Summary and an Architecture Description.

ARCHITECTURE SUMMARY

The Architecture Summary is in a format similar to the Site Summary. The title of the article is displayed next to the Architecture icon. The Description button allows you to move between the Architecture Summary and the Architecture Description. The Index button returns you to the Architecture Index.

Architectural information for the selected building includes, as applicable, the site, date, period, and type. A summary of the building is also displayed.

Locate Building

Click Locate Building to see the building on a site plan.

Perseus displays a site plan and indicates the building by flashing its location.

Click on the building to see a more detailed building plan.

Click the Go Back icon on the Navigator (as many times as necessary) to return to the catalog description for the bouleterion in Olympia.

Plans and views

Some sites are accompanied by digitized images or videodisc still-frames, depending on your Perseus Settings. The views available for the selected site are listed alphabetically below the site information. The number of views available is also displayed.

Click a view to see an image.

Image credits appear in a floating window that can be closed or repositioned on the screen.

Click the close box of the image, if you are using digitized images.

NOTE: The images are not stored in HyperCard. You must click the close box to remove the image. If the window is not active, click in the title bar. If you use the Navigator while an image window is open, Perseus will respond, but you will be unable to see the response because the image window will be covering the active HyperCard window.

ARCHITECTURE DESCRIPTION

The Architecture Description is in a format similar to the Site Description. The Description button displays the narrative part of the architecture article. The Index button returns you to the Architecture Index.

The description of the building includes, as applicable, information on its plan, history, construction, and dimensions. Sources and general bibliographic information are included, as applicable. Related entries in the sculpture catalog are listed under See Also.

5.4 SCULPTURE

Sculpture is indexed in eight ways: by type, material, sculptor, collection, context, associated building, period, and date. Because information on each sculpture varies, not all sculptures appear on each index. It is possible to choose an index type and not see all sculptures included in Perseus. The description here uses the index by type as an example.

SCULPTURE INDEX

Click "Index by type" under the category Sculpture on the Art & Archaeology Index.

Perseus displays an alphabetical list of sculpture types in the left column. There are two ways to identify sculpture in Perseus: by title and by collection name. In many instances, figures are better known by their collection than by their name. A Title/Catalog toggle button enables you to see sculptures listed by their title or by their catalog identification.

The detailed index for sculpture listed by sculpture types is depicted below (figure 5.8).

Figure 5.8 Detailed index for sculpture listed by sculpture types

Hold the mouse button down on the Index Type button to select a different index.

Try the other index types to see their detailed indexes. Return the selection to the Index of sculptures by type to follow the rest of this description.

The left column lists sculpture types. When a sculpture type is selected, the right column lists the sculptures. The number of sculptures of the selected type is also displayed above the list of sculptures.

Click Free-Standing under the list of sculpture types in the left column.

Twenty-nine sculptures are listed in the right column.

Click Acropolis Crouching Dog under the list of sculptures in the right column.

The full catalog entry consists of a Sculpture Summary and a Sculpture Description.

SCULPTURE SUMMARY

The Sculpture Summary is in a format similar to the Site Summary. The title of the article is displayed next to the Sculpture icon. The Description button allows you to move between the Sculpture Summary and the Sculpture Description. The Index button returns you to the Sculpture Index.

Information for the selected sculpture includes the catalog number, collection, subject, material, sculptor, type, context, date, and period, as applicable.

Views

All sculptures are accompanied by digitized images or videodisc still-frames, depending on your Perseus Settings. The views available for the selected sculpture are listed alphabetically below the sculpture information. The number of views available is also displayed at the top of the Views list.

Click a view to see an image.

Image credits appear in a floating window that can be closed or repositioned on the screen.

Click the close box of the image, if you are using digitized images.

SCULPTURE DESCRIPTION

The Sculpture Description is in a format similar to the Site Description. The Description button displays the narrative part of the sculpture article. The Index button returns you to the Sculpture Index.

The description of the sculpture includes, as applicable, information on its scale, dimensions, and collection history. Sources and general bibliographic information are also included, as applicable. Related entries in the architecture catalog are listed under See Also.

5.5 POTTERY

Pottery is indexed in eight ways: by shape, ware, painter, potter, collection, context, period, and date. Because the information known about each pot varies, not all pots appear on each index. It is possible to choose an index type and not see all pots included in Perseus. The description here uses the index by painter as an example.

POTTERY INDEX

Click "Index by painter" under the category Pottery on the Art & Archaeology Index.

Perseus displays an alphabetical list of painters in the left column. The detailed index for pots listed by painter is depicted below (figure 5.9).

Figure 5.9 Detailed index for pottery listed by painter

Hold the mouse button down on the Index Type button to select a different index.

Try the other index types to see their detailed indexes. Return the selection to the Index of pots by painters to follow the rest of this description.

The left column lists painters. When a painter is selected, the right column lists pots by that painter. The number of pots of the selected type is also displayed above the list of pots.

Click Achilles Painter under the list of painters in the left column.

Three pots painted by Achilles Painter are listed in the right column according to the catalog label, for example, London D48.

Click London D48 under the list of pots in the right column.

The full catalog entry consists of a Pottery Summary and a Pottery Description.

POTTERY SUMMARY

The Pottery Summary is in a format similar to the Site Summary. The title of the article is displayed next to the Pottery icon. The Description button allows you to move between the Pottery Summary and the Pottery Description. The Index button returns you to the Pottery Index.

Information for the selected pot includes the collection, ware, shape, decoration, painter, potter, context, date, and period, as applicable.

Views

Some pots are accompanied by digitized images or videodisc still-frames, depending on your Perseus Settings. The views available for the selected pot are listed alphabetically below the summary. The number of views available is also displayed at the top of the Views list.

Click a view to see an image.

Image credits appear in a floating window that can be closed or repositioned on the screen.

Click the close box of the image, if you are using digitized images.

POTTERY DESCRIPTION

The Pottery Description is in a format similar to the Site Description. The Description button displays the descriptive part of the pottery article. The Index button returns you to the Pottery Index.

The description of the pot includes, as applicable, information on its inscription, dimensions, preservation, and primary citation. Sources and general bibliographic information are also included, as applicable.

5.6 COINS

Coins are indexed in five ways: by mint, region, issuing authority, denomination, and date. Issuing authority is the ruler under whose authority the coin was issued. In contrast, mint is the place where the coin was minted. If the coin was issued by an autonomous city rather than a ruler, then no issuing authority is listed (it is the same as the mint). The description here uses the Index by mint as an example.

COIN INDEX

Click "Index by mint" under the category Coins on the Art & Archaeology Index.

Perseus displays an alphabetical list of mints in the left column. The detailed index for coins listed by mint is depicted below (figure 5.10).

Figure 5.10 Detailed index for coins listed by mint

Hold the mouse button down on the Index Type button to select a different index.

Try the other index types to see their detailed indexes. Return the selection to the Index by mint to follow the rest of this description.

The left column lists mints. When a mint is selected, the right column lists the coins issued by that mint. The number of coins of the selected type is also displayed.

Click Leukas under the list of mints in the left column.

The coins issued by Leukas are listed in the right column according to the catalog label, for example, Dewing 1808.

Click one of the coins in the right column.

The full coin description consists of a Coin Summary and a Coin Description.

COIN SUMMARY

The Coin Summary is in a format similar to the Site Summary. The catalog label of the coin is displayed next to the Coin icon. The Description button allows you to toggle between the Coin Summary and the Coin Description. The Index button returns you to the Coin Index.

Information for the selected coin includes the collection, metal, denomination, weight, die axis, mint, and issuing authority, as applicable. Summaries of the obverse and reverse sides and the date are also displayed.

Views

All coins are accompanied by digitized images or videodisc still-frames, depending on your Perseus Settings. Most coins have two views: the obverse and reverse of the coin.

Click a view to see an image.

Image credits appear in a floating window that can be closed or repositioned on the screen.

Click the close box of the image, if you are using digitized images.

COIN DESCRIPTION

The Coin Description is in a format similar to the Site Description. The Description button displays the descriptive part of the coin article. The Index button returns you to the Coin Index.