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Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), P. (search)
cylinder is found in some of the ancient blowing-machines of the native metallurgists of Asia and Africa. This was much earlier than the air-pumps of Ctesibus, 150 B. C. See Spiritalia Heronis. It is believed that Papin's pistons were of wood, and that Cartwright was the first to use a metallic piston. One of Cartwright's ve other water. The principle is the same, and the turbine invented by Fourneyron, in 1823, does not differ in its principle of action from the aeolipile of Hero, 150 B. C., or the reaction water-wheel of Barker, say A. D. 1740. We are much indebted to the worthy Otto Guericke, a magistrate of Magdeburg, for re-inventing the air-nt form of blast for the native smelting-furnaces of Asia, Africa, and Europe. See page 1717. The water-pump of Ctesibus of Alexandria was described by Hero, 150 B. C., and the invention may be much older than the time of this distinguished mechanician and physicist, who was also a barber, as it certainly was in quite a com- p
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), S. (search)
an intellectual nation, we know not. It was a favorite contrivance with Hero of Alexandria, 150 B. C., in his various toys and automata, of which the cup of Tantalus is a favorite instance, and ha steam. Name.Nationality.Invention.Date. HeroGreekRotary steam-engine (recoil principleļ¼‰B. C. 150 HeroGreekCylinder and piston in pumps.150 HeroGreekWater fountain caused by pressure of steam15 The original steam-engine is the Aeolipile of Hero, exhibited in the Serapeum of Alexandria, 150 B. C. It is a true rotary steam-engine, and there are quite a number of late patents in which the sa, differs in no essential respect from one of the devices exhibited in the Pneumatics of Hero, 150 B. C. This was substantially as follows: A light being placed upon an altar heated a vessel of waterteam upon the surface of the water in a reservoir. This is shown in the Spiritalia of Hero, 150 B. C., in several forms. The device was a part of the priestly jugglery of the temple. The fire, b
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), T. (search)
Perhaps the earliest account we have of an instrument for measuring the heat of the atmosphere is that noticed in the Spiritalia of Hero of Alexandria, about 150 B. C., which is described as a tube or vessel wherein the water is made to rise or fall by the changes of heat and cold. The Spanish Saracens had detected the variar beneath the thrasher. Niebuhr and Thompson have described the process at length. It is as it has always been since the first record of such things. Varro (150 B. C.) describes a Carthaginian machine which traveled on rollers studded with iron knobs and having a seat for the driver. Tramping out grain in Egypt. 4. The ooth with the tail of the helve. The annexed cut is perhaps the earliest illustration of the trip-hammer movement. It is from the Automata of Hero, who lived 150 B. C. The cut is reduced from a curious folio edition of his works published in Paris, 1693; a copy is in the Patent Office library. Trip-hammer. The old French
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), W. (search)
l. A mill in which motion is imparted to mechanism, for grinding grain or for other purposes, by the action of the wind on a series of revolving sails. Commonly met with in flat districts of country or in other situations where water-power is not available. Pomponius Sabinus states that hand-mills were brought to Rome from Greece, and that one Paulo also introduced windmills for grinding grain. This was a little before the time of Augustus. In the Spiritalia of Hero of Alexandria, 150 B. C., we find the description of an organ blown by the agency of a windmill which worked the piston of an air-pump. See organ. Beckmann, in his History of inventions, denies that the Romans had windmills during the period of the Empire. They were not uncommon in Europe at the time of the Crusades. The earlier Roman mills, after the hand-mills, were driven by water either from the aqueducts or by the current of the Tiber. See water-wheel; current-wheel; mill; etc They are mentioned i
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