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A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith) 10 10 Browse Search
Appian, The Foreign Wars (ed. Horace White) 1 1 Browse Search
Polybius, Histories 1 1 Browse Search
Pliny the Elder, The Natural History (ed. John Bostock, M.D., F.R.S., H.T. Riley, Esq., B.A.) 1 1 Browse Search
Titus Livius (Livy), Ab Urbe Condita, books 28-30 (ed. Frank Gardener Moore, Professor Emeritus in Columbia University) 1 1 Browse Search
M. Tullius Cicero, De Officiis: index (ed. Walter Miller) 1 1 Browse Search
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Appian, Punic Wars (ed. Horace White), CHAPTER I (search)
ground and forbade the rebuilding of it. But another city was built subsequently by their own people, very near the former one, for convenience in governing Africa. Of these matters the Sicilian part is shown in my Sicilian history, the Spanish in the Spanish history, and what Hannibal did in his Italian campaigns in the Hannibalic history. This book will deal with the operations in Africa from the earliest period. Y.R. 498 About the beginning of the Sicilian war the Romans B.C. 256 sent 350 ships to Africa, captured a number of towns, and left in command of the army Atilius Regulus, who took some 200 more towns, which gave themselves up to him on account of their hatred of the Carthaginians; and continually advancing he ravaged the territory. Thereupon the Carthaginians, considering that their misfortunes were due to bad generalship, asked the Lacedemonians to send them a commander. The Lacedemonians sent them Xanthippus. Regulus, being encamped in the hot season along
Polybius, Histories, book 1, The Battle of Ecnomus (search)
ip, and that they all but captured with its crew. This last, however, by the perfection of its rowers and its consequent speed, effected a desperate escape. Meanwhile the remaining ships of the Romans were sailing up and gradually drawing close together. Having got into line, they charged the enemy, took ten ships with their crews, and sunk eight. The rest of the Carthaginian ships retired to the Liparean Islands. The result of this battle was that both sides concluded that Winter of B.C. 257-256. they were now fairly matched, and accordingly made more systematic efforts to secure a naval force, and to dispute the supremacy at sea. While these things were going on, the land forces effected nothing worth recording; but wasted all their time in such petty operations as chance threw in their way. B.C. 256. Coss. L. Manlius, Vulso Longus, M. Atilius Regulus II (Suff.). Therefore, after making the preparations I have mentioned for the approaching summer, the Romans, with three hundred and
Pliny the Elder, The Natural History (ed. John Bostock, M.D., F.R.S., H.T. Riley, Esq., B.A.), BOOK V. AN ACCOUNT OF COUNTRIES, NATIONS, SEAS, TOWNS, HAVENS, MOUNTAINS, RIVERS, DISTANCES, AND PEOPLES WHO NOW EXIST OR FORMERLY EXISTED., CHAP. 3. (4.)—AFRICA. (search)
go Magna' to distinguish it from New Carthage and Old Carthage, colonies in Spain., the colony of MaxulaNow Rhades, according to Marcus., the towns of CarpiMarcus identifies it with the modern Gurtos., Misua, and ClypeaBy the Greeks called 'Aspis.' It derived its Greek and Roman names from its site on a hill of a shield-like shape. It was built by Agathocles, the Sicilian, B.C. 310. In the first Punic war it was the landing-place of Manlius and Regulus, whose first action was to take it, B.C. 256. Its site is still known as Kalebiah, and its ruins are peculiarly interesting. The site of Misua is occupied by Sidi-Doud, according to Shaw and D'Anville., the last a free town, on the Promontory of Mercury; also Curubis, a free townShaw informs us that an inscription found on the spot designates this place as a colony, not a free city or town. Its present name is Kurbah., and NeapolisThe present Nabal, according to D'Anville.. Here commences the second divisionZeugitana extended from the r
Titus Livius (Livy), The History of Rome, Book 29 (ed. Frank Gardener Moore, Professor Emeritus in Columbia University), chapter 26 (search)
Many Roman fleets had sailed from Sicily and out of that very harbour. Yet not only during that war was there never a sailing so spectacular and no wonder, since most of the fleets had sailed out merely to plunder-but there had been nothing similar even in the previous war. And yet if one had based his comparison upon the size of the fleet, more than onceExactly twice: in 256 B.C. L. Manlius Vulso and M. Atilius Regulus (xxviii. 5) with 330 war-ships (Polybius I. xxv. 7; xxix. 1); in 255 B.C. M. Aemilius Paulus and Ser. Fulvius Nobilior with 350, but no army, and shipwrecked on their return; ibid. xxxvi. 10 ff. before had two consuls with two armies made the passage, and there had been almost as many war-ships in those fleets as now transports with which Scipio was crossing over. For in addition to forty war-ships only, he carried his army across on about four hundred transports. But the second war was made to appear to the Romans more terrible than the first bo
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), (search)
BOSTAR *Bw/stwr, (Plb. 3.98; *Bw/dtaros, Plb. 1.30; *Bodo/stwr, Diod. Erc. xxiv.). 1. A Carthaginian general, who, in conjunction with Hamilcar and Hasdrubal, the son of Hanno, commanded the Carthaginian forces sent against M. Atilius Regulus when he invaded Africa in B. C. 256. Bostar and his colleagues were, however, quite incompetent for their office. Instead of keeping to the plains, where their cavalry and elephants would have been formidable to the Romans, they retired to the mountains, where these forces were of no use; and they were defeated, in consequence, near the town of Adis, with great slaughter. The generals, we are told, were taken prisoners; and we learn from Diodorus, that Bostar and Hamilcar were, after the death of Regulus, delivered up to his family, who behaved to them with such barbarity, that Bostar died of the treatment he received. The cruelty of the family, however, excited so much odium at Rome, that the sons of Regulus thought it advisable to burn the b
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Caedi'cius (search)
Caedi'cius 4. Q. CAEDICIUS Q. F. Q. N., consul B. C. 256, died in his consulship, and was succeeded in the office by M. Atilius Regulus. (Fast. Capit.)
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Hanno (search)
a time to great difficulties; and though he at first obtained some advantages by means of his Numlidian cavalry, he was eventually defeated in a great battle, and compelled to abandon Agrigentum to its fate, B. C. 262. (Plb. 1.18, 19; Diod. Exc. Hoeschel. 23.8, 9; Zonar. 8.10; Oros. 4.7.) For this ill success Hanno was recalled by the Carthaginian senate, and compelled to pay a fine of 6000 pieces of gold (Diod. Exc. Hoeschel. 23.9): he was succeeded by Hamilcar, but six years afterwards (B. C. 256), we again find him associated with that general in the command of the Carthaginian fleet at the great battle of Ecnomus. (Plb. 1.27; Oros. 4.8.) After that decisive defeat, Hanno is said to have been sent by Hamilear, who appears to have held the chief command, to enter into negotiations with the Roman generals; but failing in this, he sailed away at once, with the ships that still remained to him, to Carthage. (Dio Cass. Exc. Vat. 63; Zonar. 8.12; V. Max. 6.6. f. § 2.) His name is not me
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Hasdrubal (search)
Hasdrubal 4. A Carthaginian general in the first Punic war, called by Polybius son of Hanno. He is first mentioned as one of the two generals appointed to take the field against Regulus in B. C. 256, and who, by their injudicious management, brought Carthage to the brink of ruin. (Plb. 1.30-31.) Though the virtual command of the army was soon after transferred to Xanthippus, it does not appear that the generals were ever deposed; and after the final defeat of Regulus, Hasdrubal was immediately despatched to Sicily, with a large army, and not less than 140 elephants. (Id. 38.) The terror with which these animals at this time inspired the Romans rendered them unwilling to encounter Hasdrubal in the field, and thus gave him the command of the open country, notwithstanding which he appears to have wasted his time in unaccountable inactivity; and during a period of two years to have effected nothing beyond a few unimportant skirmishes. At length, in the beginning of B. C. 250, he was arou
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), (search)
Leo'nidas Ii. （*Lewni/das), king of Sparta, was son of the traitor, Cleonymus, and 28th of the Agids. He acted as guardian to his infant relative, Areus II., on whose death, at the age of eight years, he ascended the throne, about B. C. 256, being by this time considerably advanced in life. A great part of his earlier years he had spent in the courts of Seleucus Nicator and his satraps, and had even married an Asiatic wife, by whom he had two children. From this it is reasonable to suppose that he reversed the policy of his predecessors, who had cultivated a connection with Egypt: and it is at least an ingenious conjecture of Droysen's, that the adventurer, Xanthippus, who entered at this period into the Carthaginian service, and whom he identifies with the general of Ptolemy Euergetes in his war with Seleucus Callinicus, may have been one of those who, as favourers of the Egyptian alliance, were driven from Sparta by the party of Leonidas. (Droysen, Hellenismus, vol. ii. pp. 296, 34
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Mia'rcia (search)
Mia'rcia 1. Wife of M. Atilius Regulus, who was consul a second time B. C. 256, in the first Punic war. (Sil. Ital. 6.403, 576.)
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