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A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith) 26 26 Browse Search
Pliny the Elder, The Natural History (ed. John Bostock, M.D., F.R.S., H.T. Riley, Esq., B.A.) 1 1 Browse Search
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight) 1 1 Browse Search
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Pliny the Elder, The Natural History (ed. John Bostock, M.D., F.R.S., H.T. Riley, Esq., B.A.), BOOK IV. AN ACCOUNT OF COUNTRIES, NATIONS, SEAS, TOWNS, HAVENS, MOUNTAINS, RIVERS, DISTANCES, AND PEOPLES WHO NOW EXIST OR FORMERLY EXISTED., CHAP. 17. (10.)—MACEDONIA. (search)
the modern Zervokhori., the TymphæiA people of Epirus on the borders of Thessaly., and the Toronæi. Upon the coast of the Macedonian Gulf there are the town of ChalastraIn Mygdonia, at the mouth of the Axius—King Perseus put all its male inhabitants to death. Its site was at or near the modern Kulakia., and, more inland, Piloros; also Lete, and at the extreme bend of the Gulf, ThessalonicaNow Saloniki. Its original name was Thermæ, but it was first made an important city by Cassander, B.C. 315, who gave it its new name in honour of his wife, the sister of Alexander the Great: S, Paul visited it about A.D. 53, and two years after addressed from Corinth two Epistles to his converts in the city., a free city; (from this place to Dyrrhachium it is 245 milesPolybius says, in Strabo, B. vii., 267 miles.,) and then ThermæAs already mentioned, Thermæ became merged in Thessalonica, when refounded by Cassander under that name.. Upon the GulfNow the Gulf of Saloniki. of Thermæ are the towns
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Ambustus (search)
Ambustus 11. C. Fabius Ambustus, M. F. N. N., son apparently of No. 7, and brother to No. 9, was appointed master of the horse in B. C. 315 in place of Q. Aulius, who fell in battle. (Liv. 9.23.)
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Apollo'nides (search)
Apollo'nides （*)Apollwni/dhs), or APOLLO'NIDAS. 1. Governor of Argos, who was raised to this office by Cassander. In the year B. C. 315, he invaded Arcadia. and got possession of the town of Stymphalus. The majority of the Argives were hostile towards Cassander, and while Apollonides was engaged in Arcadia, they inv ted Alexander, the son of Polysperchon, and promised to surrender their town to him. But Alexander was not quick enough in his movements, and Apollonides, who seems to have been informed of the plan, suddenly returned to Argos. About 500 senators were at the time assembled in the prytaneum : Apollonides had all the doors of the house well guarded, that none of them might escape, and then set fire to it, so that all perished in the flames. The other Argives who had taken part in the conspiracy were partly exiled and partly put to death. (Diod. 19.63
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Ariara'thes (search)
ia. Ariarathes was 82 years of age at the time of his death : he had adopted as his son, Ariarathes, the eldest son of his brother Holophernes. (Diod. xxxi. Ed. 3, where it is stated that he fell in battle; Diod. 18.16; Arrian, apud Phot. Cod. 92, p. 69b. 26. ed. Bekker; Appian, App. Mith. 8; Lucian, Macrob. 13; Plut. Eum. 3; Justin, 13.6, whose account is quite erroneous.) Ariara'thes Ii. Son of Holophernes, fled into Armenia after the death of Ariarathes I. After the death of Eumenes, B. C. 315, he recovered Cappadocia with the assistance of Ardoates, the Armenian king, and killed Amyntas, the Macedonian governor. He was succeeded by Ariamnes II., the eldest of his three sons. (Diod. xxxi. Ecl. 3.) Ariara'thes Iii. Son of Ariamnes II., and grandson of the preceding, married Stratonice, a daughter of Antiochus II., king of Syria, and obtained a share in the government during the life-time of his father. (Diod. l.c.） Ariara'thes Iv. Son of the preceding, was a child at his ac
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), (search)
Ariara'thes Ii. Son of Holophernes, fled into Armenia after the death of Ariarathes I. After the death of Eumenes, B. C. 315, he recovered Cappadocia with the assistance of Ardoates, the Armenian king, and killed Amyntas, the Macedonian governor. He was succeeded by Ariamnes II., the eldest of his three sons. (Diod. xxxi. Ecl. 3.)
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Aristodemus (search)
Aristodemus 5. Of Miletus, a friend and flatterer of Antigonus, king of Asia, who sent him, in B. C. 315, to Peloponnesus with 1000 talents, and ordered him to maintain friendly relations with Polysperchon and his son Alexander, to collect as large a body of mercenaries as possible, and to conduct the war against Cassander. On his arrival in Laconia, he obtained permission from the Spartans to engage mercenaries in their country, and thus raised in Peloponnesus an army of 8000 men. The friendship with Polysperchon and his son Alexander was confirmed, and the former was made governor of the peninsula. Ptolemy, who was allied with Cassander, sent a fleet against the general and the allies of Antigonus, and Cassander made considerable conquests in Peloponnesus. After his departure, Aristodemus and Alexander at first endeavoured in common to persuade the towns to expel the garrisons of Cassander, and recover their independence. But Alexander soon allowed himself to be made a traitor to t
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Asander (search)
10.) At the command of Antipater he fought against Attalus and Alcetas, both partisans of Perdiccas (Plot. Bibl. p. 72b.), but was conquered by them. In B. C. 317, while Antigonus was engaged in Persia and Media, Asander increased his power in Asia Minor, and was undoubtedly a member of the confederacy which was formed by Ptolemy Lagi and Cassander of Macedonia against Antigonus, although he is not mentioned by Diodorus (19.57) on account of the above mentioned confusion with Cassander. In B. C. 315, when Antigonus began his operations against the confederates, he sent one Ptolemy, a nephew of his, with an army to relieve Amisus, and to expel from Cappadocia the army with which Asander had invaded that country; but as Asander was supported by Ptolemy Lagi and Cassander (Diod. 19.62, 68), he maintained himself until B. C. 313, when Antigonus himself marched against him, and compelled him to conclude a treaty by which he was bound to surrender his whole army, to restore the Greek towns
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Cassander (search)
as royal persons. He also connected himself with the regal family by a marriage with Thessalonica, half-sister to Alexander the Great, in whose honour he founded, probably in 316, the town which bore her name; and to the same time, perhaps, we may refer the foundation of Cassandreia in Pallene, so called after himself. (Strab. Exc. c Lib. vii. p. 330.) Returning now to the south, he stopped in Boeotia and began the restoration of Thebes in the 20th year after its destruction by Alexander (B. C. 315), a measure highly popular with the Greeks, and not least so at Athens, besides being a mode of venting his hatred against Alexander's memory. (Comp. Paus. 9.7; Plut. Polit. Praec. 100.17; for the date see also Polem. up. Athen. i. p. 19c.; Casaub. ad loc.; Clinton, Fasti, ii. p. 174.) Thence advancing into the Peloponnesus, he retook most of the towns which the son of Polysperchon had gained in his absence; and soon after he succeeded also in attaching Polysperchon himself and Alexander t
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Cephiso'dotus (search)
be erected to their benefactor, B. C. 307 (Psephism. apud Plut. l.c. p. 852; Paus. 1.8.2), committed it to them. The vicinity at least of the temple of Mars, where the sons of Praxiteles had wrought a statue of Enyo (Paus. l.c. § 5), supports this supposition. Another work which they executed in common was the altar of the Cadmean Dionysus at Thebes (Paus. 9.12.3 : *Bwmo/n is the genuine reading, not the vulgate ka/dmon), probably erected soon after the restoration of Thebes by Cassander, B. C. 315, in which the Athenians heartily concurred. This is the last work in which both artists are named. The latter part of the life of Cephisodotus is quite unknown. Whether he remained at Athens or left the town after B. C. 303 in its disasters, for the brilliant courts of the successors of Alexander, or whether, for instance, as might be inferred from Pliny (36.4.6), he was employed at Pergamus, cannot be decided. It would seem, on account of Myros's portrait, that he had been at Alexandria
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Crantor (search)
Crantor （*Kra/ntwr), of Soli in Cilicia, left his native country, and repaired to Athens, in order to study philosophy, where he became a pupil of Xenocrates and a friend of Polemo, and one of the most distinguished supporters of the philosophy of the older Academy. As Xenocrates died B. C. 315, Crantor must have come to Athens previous to that year, but we do not know the date of his birth or his death. He died before Polemo and Crates, and the dropsy was the cause of his death. He left his fortune, which amounted to twelve talents, to Arcesilaüs; and this may be the reason why many of Crantor's writings were ascribed by the ancients to Arcesilaüs. Works Crantor's works were very numerous. Diogenes Laertius says, that he left behind Commentaries (u/romnh/mata), which consisted of 30,000 lines; but of these only fragments have been preserved. They appear to have related principally to moral subjects, and, accordingly, Horace (Hor. Ep. 1.2. 4) classes him with Chrysippus as a moral
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