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A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith) 44 44 Browse Search
Xenophon, Hellenica (ed. Carleton L. Brownson) 3 3 Browse Search
Aristotle, Politics 1 1 Browse Search
Diodorus Siculus, Library 1 1 Browse Search
Isocrates, Speeches (ed. George Norlin) 1 1 Browse Search
Pausanias, Description of Greece 1 1 Browse Search
Sir Richard C. Jebb, Commentary on Sophocles: Oedipus at Colonus 1 1 Browse Search
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight) 1 1 Browse Search
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Browsing named entities in A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith). You can also browse the collection for 401 BC or search for 401 BC in all documents.

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M. Acutius M. ACU'TIUS, tribune of the plebs B. C. 401, was elected by the other tribunes (by co-optation) in violation of the Trebonia lex. (Liv. 5.10; Dict. of Ant. p. 566a.)
on the allies of Sparta, for the purpose of constructing a fleet. While at Deceleia he acted in a great measure independently of the Spartan government, and received embassies as well from the disaffected allies of the Athenians, as from the Boeotians and other allies of Sparta. (Thuc. 8.3, 5.) He seems to have remained at Deceleia till the end of the Peloponnesian war. In 411, during the administration of the Four Hundred, he made an unsuccessful attempt on Athens itself. (Thuc. 8.71.) In B. C. 401, the command of the war against Elis was entrusted to Agis, who in the third year compelled the Eleans to sue for peace. As he was returning from Delphi, whither he had gone to consecrate a tenth of the spoil, he fell sick at Heraea in Arcadia, and died in the course of a few days after he reached Sparta. (Xen. Hell. 3.2.21, 3.3.1-4.) He left a son, Leotychides, who however was excluded from the throne, as there was sone suspicion with regard to his legitimacy. While Alcibiades was at Spar
Arbaces 2. A commander in the army of Artaxerxes, which fought against his brother Cyrus, B. C. 401. He was satrap of Media. (Xen. Anab. 1.7.12, 7.8.25.)
Ariae'us (*)Ariai=os), or ARIDAE'US (*)Aridai=os), the friend and lieutenant of Cyrus, commanded the barbarians in that prince's army at the battle of Cunaxa, B. C. 401. (Xen. Anab. 1.8.5; Diod. 14.22; comp. Plut. Art. 100.11.) After the death of Cyrus, the Cyrean Greeks offered to place Ariaeus on the Persian throne; but he declined making the attempt, on the ground that there were many Persians superior to himself, who would never tolerate him as king. (Anab. 2.1.4, 2.1.) He exchanged oaths of fidelity, however with the Greeks, and, at the commencement of their retreat, marched in company with them; but soon afterwards he purchased his pardon from Artaxerxes by deserting them, and aiding (possibly through the help of his friend Menon) the treachery of Tissaphernes, whereby the principal Greek generals fell into the hands of the Persians. (Anab. 2.2.8, &c., 4. §§ 1, 2, 9, 5. §§ 28, 38, &c.; comp. Plut. Art. 100.18.) It was perhaps this same Ariaeus who was employed by Tithraustes to<
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Ariston (), literary. (search)
Ariston (*)Ari/stwn), literary. Ariston 1. A son of Sophocles by Theoris. (Suidas, s. v. *)Iofw=n.) He had a son of the name of Sophocles, who is said to have brought out, in B. C. 401, the Oedipus in Colonus of his grandfather Sophocles. (Argum. ad Soph. Oed. Col. p. 12, ed. Wonder.) Whether he is the same as the Ariston who is called a writer of tragedies (D. L. 7.164), and one of whose tragedies was directed against Mnesthenus, cannot be said with any certainty, though Fabricius (Bibl. Gr. ii. p. 287) takes it for granted. Ariston 2. A friend of Aristotle, the philosopher, to whom he is said to have addressed some letters. (D. L. 5.27.) Ariston 3. A Peripatetic philosopher and a native of the island of Ceos, where his birthplace was the town of Julis, whence he is sometimes called *Kei=os and sometimes *)Ioulih/ths. He was a pupil of Lycon (D. L. 5.70, 74), who was the successor of Straton as the head of the Peripatetic school, about B. C. 270. After the death of Lycon, ab
Ariston 1. A son of Sophocles by Theoris. (Suidas, s. v. *)Iofw=n.) He had a son of the name of Sophocles, who is said to have brought out, in B. C. 401, the Oedipus in Colonus of his grandfather Sophocles. (Argum. ad Soph. Oed. Col. p. 12, ed. Wonder.) Whether he is the same as the Ariston who is called a writer of tragedies (D. L. 7.164), and one of whose tragedies was directed against Mnesthenus, cannot be said with any certainty, though Fabricius (Bibl. Gr. ii. p. 287) takes it for granted.
was invested with the censorship before he had held any other office. From these circumstances it has justly been inferred, that the censorship of Camillus and his colleague Postumius must be assigned to the year B. C. 403, and that Livy, in his list of the consular tribunes of that year, includes the two censors. (Comp. V. Max. 1.9.1.) Therefore, what is commonly called the second, third, &c., consular tribunate of Camillus, must be regarded as the first, second, &c. The first belongs to B. C. 401; and the only thing that is mentioned of him during this year is, that he marched into the country of the Faliscans, and, not meeting any enemy in the open field, ravaged the country. His second consular tribunate falls in the year B. C. 398, in the course of which he acquired great booty at Capena; and as the consular tribunes were obliged by a decree of the senate to lay down their office before the end of the year, Q. Servilius Fidenas and Camillus were successively appointed interreges
Cheiri'sophus (*Xeiri/sofos), a Lacedaemonian, was sent by the Ephors with 700 heavyarmed men (800 according to Diodorus), to aid Cyrus in his expedition against his brother Artaxerxes, B. C. 401, and joined the prince on his march at Issus in Cilicia. (Diod. xiv 19, 21 ; Xen. Anab. 1.4.3.) After the battle of Cunaxa, Clearchus sent him with others to Ariaeus to make an offer, which however was declined, of placing him on the Persian throne [p. 283b.]. After the arrest of Clearchus and the other generals, through the treachery of Tissaphernes, Cheirisophus took an active part in encouraging the troops and in otherwise providing for the emergency, and, on the motion of Xenophon, was appointed, as being a Lacedaemonian, to lead the van of the retreating army. In this post we find him subsequently acting throughout the retreat, and cordially cooperating with Xenophon. In fact it was only once that any difference arose between them, and that was caused by Cheirisophus having struck, in
Clea'nor (*Klea/nwr), an Arcadian of Orchomenus, entered into the service of Cyrus the Younger, and is introduced by Xenophon as refusing, in the name of the Greeks, after the battle of Cunaxa, B. C. 401, to surrender their arms at the requisition of Artaxerxes. (Xen. Anab. 2.1.10.) After the treacherous apprehension of Clearchus and the other generals by Tissaphernes, Cleanor was one of those who were appointed to fill their places, and seems to have acted throughout the retreat with bravery and vigour. (Xen. Anab. 3.1.47, 2. §§ 4-6, 4.6.9.) When the Greeks found themselves deceived by the adventurer Coeratades, under whom they had marched out of Byzantium, Cleanor was among those who advised that they should enter the service of Seuthes, the Thracian prince, who had conciliated him by the present of a horse. We find him afterwards co-operating with Xenophon, of whom he seems to have had a high opinion, in his endeavour to obtain from Seuthes the promised pay. (Xen. Anab. 7.2.2, 5.1
, and keeping up a show of variance between himself and Cyrus, he gradually led, not his own forces only, but the rest of his countrymen as well, to perceive the difficulties of their position should they desert the service of the prince, and thus ultimately induced them to advance. When Orontes was brought to trial for his treason, Clearchus was the only Greek admitted into the number of judges, and he was the first to advise sentence of death against the accused. At the battle of Cunaxa, B. C. 401, he commanded the right wing of the Greeks, which rested on the Euphrates; from this position he thought it unsafe to withdraw, as such a step would have exposed him to the risk of being surrounded; and he therefore neglected the directions of Cyrus, who had desired him to charge with all his force the enemy's centre. Plutarch blames him exceedingly for such an excess of caution, and attributes to it the loss of the battle. When the Greeks began their retreat, Clearchus was tacitly recogni
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