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A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Ariae'us (search)
Ariae'us （*)Ariai=os), or ARIDAE'US (*)Aridai=os), the friend and lieutenant of Cyrus, commanded the barbarians in that prince's army at the battle of Cunaxa, B. C. 401. (Xen. Anab. 1.8.5; Diod. 14.22; comp. Plut. Art. 100.11.) After the death of Cyrus, the Cyrean Greeks offered to place Ariaeus on the Persian throne; but he declined making the attempt, on the ground that there were many Persians superior to himself, who would never tolerate him as king. (Anab. 2.1.4, 2.1.) He exchanged oaths of fidelity, however with the Greeks, and, at the commencement of their retreat, marched in company with them; but soon afterwards he purchased his pardon from Artaxerxes by deserting them, and aiding (possibly through the help of his friend Menon) the treachery of Tissaphernes, whereby the principal Greek generals fell into the hands of the Persians. (Anab. 2.2.8, &c., 4. §§ 1, 2, 9, 5. §§ 28, 38, &c.; comp. Plut. Art. 100.18.) It was perhaps this same Ariaeus who was employed by Tithraustes to<
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Ariston (), literary. (search)
Ariston (*)Ari/stwn), literary. Ariston 1. A son of Sophocles by Theoris. (Suidas, s. v. *)Iofw=n.) He had a son of the name of Sophocles, who is said to have brought out, in B. C. 401, the Oedipus in Colonus of his grandfather Sophocles. (Argum. ad Soph. Oed. Col. p. 12, ed. Wonder.) Whether he is the same as the Ariston who is called a writer of tragedies (D. L. 7.164), and one of whose tragedies was directed against Mnesthenus, cannot be said with any certainty, though Fabricius (Bibl. Gr. ii. p. 287) takes it for granted. Ariston 2. A friend of Aristotle, the philosopher, to whom he is said to have addressed some letters. (D. L. 5.27.) Ariston 3. A Peripatetic philosopher and a native of the island of Ceos, where his birthplace was the town of Julis, whence he is sometimes called *Kei=os and sometimes *)Ioulih/ths. He was a pupil of Lycon (D. L. 5.70, 74), who was the successor of Straton as the head of the Peripatetic school, about B. C. 270. After the death of Lycon, ab
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Ariston (search)
Ariston 1. A son of Sophocles by Theoris. (Suidas, s. v. *)Iofw=n.) He had a son of the name of Sophocles, who is said to have brought out, in B. C. 401, the Oedipus in Colonus of his grandfather Sophocles. (Argum. ad Soph. Oed. Col. p. 12, ed. Wonder.) Whether he is the same as the Ariston who is called a writer of tragedies (D. L. 7.164), and one of whose tragedies was directed against Mnesthenus, cannot be said with any certainty, though Fabricius (Bibl. Gr. ii. p. 287) takes it for granted.
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Camillus (search)
was invested with the censorship before he had held any other office. From these circumstances it has justly been inferred, that the censorship of Camillus and his colleague Postumius must be assigned to the year B. C. 403, and that Livy, in his list of the consular tribunes of that year, includes the two censors. (Comp. V. Max. 1.9.1.) Therefore, what is commonly called the second, third, &c., consular tribunate of Camillus, must be regarded as the first, second, &c. The first belongs to B. C. 401; and the only thing that is mentioned of him during this year is, that he marched into the country of the Faliscans, and, not meeting any enemy in the open field, ravaged the country. His second consular tribunate falls in the year B. C. 398, in the course of which he acquired great booty at Capena; and as the consular tribunes were obliged by a decree of the senate to lay down their office before the end of the year, Q. Servilius Fidenas and Camillus were successively appointed interreges
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Cheiri'sophus (search)
Cheiri'sophus （*Xeiri/sofos), a Lacedaemonian, was sent by the Ephors with 700 heavyarmed men (800 according to Diodorus), to aid Cyrus in his expedition against his brother Artaxerxes, B. C. 401, and joined the prince on his march at Issus in Cilicia. (Diod. xiv 19, 21 ; Xen. Anab. 1.4.3.) After the battle of Cunaxa, Clearchus sent him with others to Ariaeus to make an offer, which however was declined, of placing him on the Persian throne [p. 283b.]. After the arrest of Clearchus and the other generals, through the treachery of Tissaphernes, Cheirisophus took an active part in encouraging the troops and in otherwise providing for the emergency, and, on the motion of Xenophon, was appointed, as being a Lacedaemonian, to lead the van of the retreating army. In this post we find him subsequently acting throughout the retreat, and cordially cooperating with Xenophon. In fact it was only once that any difference arose between them, and that was caused by Cheirisophus having struck, in
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Clea'nor (search)
Clea'nor （*Klea/nwr), an Arcadian of Orchomenus, entered into the service of Cyrus the Younger, and is introduced by Xenophon as refusing, in the name of the Greeks, after the battle of Cunaxa, B. C. 401, to surrender their arms at the requisition of Artaxerxes. (Xen. Anab. 2.1.10.) After the treacherous apprehension of Clearchus and the other generals by Tissaphernes, Cleanor was one of those who were appointed to fill their places, and seems to have acted throughout the retreat with bravery and vigour. (Xen. Anab. 3.1.47, 2. §§ 4-6, 4.6.9.) When the Greeks found themselves deceived by the adventurer Coeratades, under whom they had marched out of Byzantium, Cleanor was among those who advised that they should enter the service of Seuthes, the Thracian prince, who had conciliated him by the present of a horse. We find him afterwards co-operating with Xenophon, of whom he seems to have had a high opinion, in his endeavour to obtain from Seuthes the promised pay. (Xen. Anab. 7.2.2, 5.1
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Clearchus (search)
, and keeping up a show of variance between himself and Cyrus, he gradually led, not his own forces only, but the rest of his countrymen as well, to perceive the difficulties of their position should they desert the service of the prince, and thus ultimately induced them to advance. When Orontes was brought to trial for his treason, Clearchus was the only Greek admitted into the number of judges, and he was the first to advise sentence of death against the accused. At the battle of Cunaxa, B. C. 401, he commanded the right wing of the Greeks, which rested on the Euphrates; from this position he thought it unsafe to withdraw, as such a step would have exposed him to the risk of being surrounded; and he therefore neglected the directions of Cyrus, who had desired him to charge with all his force the enemy's centre. Plutarch blames him exceedingly for such an excess of caution, and attributes to it the loss of the battle. When the Greeks began their retreat, Clearchus was tacitly recogni
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Cte'sias (search)
umber of years in Persia at the court of king Artaxerxes Mnemon, as private physician to the king. (Strab. xiv. p.656.) Diodorus (2.32) states, that Ctesias was made prisoner by the king, and that owing to his great skill in medicine, he was afterwards drawn to the court, and was highly honoured there. This statement, which contains nothing to suggest the time when Ctesias was made prisoner, has been referred by some critics to the war between Artaxerxes and his brother, Cyrus the Younger, B. C. 401. But, in the first place, Ctesias is already mentioned, during that war, as accompanying the king. (Xen. Anab. 1.8.27.) Moreover, if as Diodorus and Tzetzes state, Ctesias remained seventeen years at the court of Persia, and returned to his native country in B. C. 398 (Diod. 14.46; comp. Plut. Art. 21), it follows, that he must have gone to Persia long before the battle of Cunaxa, that is. about B. C. 415. The statement, that Ctesias entered Persia as a prisoner of war, has been doubted; a
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), (search)
Curia'tia Gens The existence of a patrician gens of this name is attested by Livy (1.30, comp. Dionys. A. R. 3.30), who expressly mentions the Curiatii among the noble Alban gentes, which, after the destruction of Alba, were transplanted to Rome, and there received among the Patres. This opinion is not contradicted by the fact that in B. C. 401 and 138 we meet with Curiatii who were tribunes of the people and consequently plebeians, for this phenomenon may be accounted for here, as in other cases, by the supposition that the plebeian Curiatii were the descendants of freedmen of the patrician Curiatii, or that some members of the patrician gens had gone over to the plebeians. The Alban origin of the Curiatii is also stated in the story about the three Curiatii who in the reign of Tullus Hostilius fought with the three Roman brothers, the Horatii, and were conquered by the cunning and bravery of one of the Horatii, though some writers described the Curiatii as Romans and the Horatii as
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Curia'tius (search)
Curia'tius 1. P. Curiatius, tribune of the people in B. C. 401. The college of tribunes in that year laboured under great unpopularity, as two of them had been appointed by the co-optation of the college under the influence of the patricians. P. Curiatius and two of his colleagues, M. Metilius and M. Minucius, endeavoured to counteract the unpopularity and turn the hatred of the people against the patricians by bringing a charge against Sergius and Virginius, two military tribunes of the year previous, whom they declared to be the authors of all the mischief and the cause of the people's sufferings. Both the accused were condemned to pay a heavy fine, and the tribunes of the people soon after brought forward an agrarian law, and prevented the tribute for the maintenance of the armies being levied from the plebeians. (Liv. 5.11, 12.)
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