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A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Nymphodo'rus (search)
Nymphodo'rus （*Numfo/dwros), a citizen of Abdera, whose sister married Sitalces, king of Thrace. The Athenians, who had previously regarded Nymphodorus as their enemy, made him their proxenus in B. C. 431, and, through his mediation, obtained the alliance of Sitalces, for which they were anxious, and conferred the freedom of their city on Sadocus, Sitalces' son. Nymphodorus also brought about a reconciliation between the Athenians and Perdiccas, king of Macedonia, and persuaded them to restore to him the town of Therma, which they had taken in B. C. 432 (see Thuc. 1.61). In B. C. 430 Nymphodorus aided in the seizure, at Bisanthe, of ARISTEUS and the other ambassadors, who were on their way to ask aid of the Persian king against the Athenians. (Hdt. 7.137; Thuc. 2.29, 67; comp. Arist. Atc. 145.) [E.
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Pericles (search)
f Locris and Euboea: and in this same summer the population of Aegina was expelled, and Athenian colonists sent to take possession of the island. An alliance was also entered into with Sitalces, king of Thrace. In the autumn Pericles in person led an army into Megaris, and ravaged most of the country. The decree against Megara before spoken of enacted that the Athenian generals on entering office should swear to invade Megaris twice a year (Plut. l.c.; Thuicyd. 4.66). In the winter (B. C. 431-430), on the occasion of paying funeral honours to those who had fallen in the course of the hostilities, Pericles was chosen to deliver the oration. (Thuc. 2.35-46.) In the summer of the next year, when the Peloponnesians invaded Attica, Pericles pursued the same policy as before. In this summer the plague made its appearance in Athens (Thuc. 2.48, &c.). An armament of 100 ships (Thuc. 2.56) was conducted by Pericles in person to the coast of Peloponnesus. An eclipse of the sun which happened ju
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Pha'rnaces (search)
Pha'rnaces 3. Son of Pharnabazus, appears to have been satrap of the provinces of Asia near the Hellespont, as early as B. C. 430. (Thuc. 2.67.) He is subsequently mentioned as assigning Adramyttinm for a place of settlement to the Delians, who had been expelled by the Athenians from their native island, B. C. 442. (Id. 5.1; Diod. 12.73.)
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Phei'dias (search)
ks the introduction of a less rigid style of art [CALAMSIS * It is, however, far from certain that the statue of Apollo Alexicacos by Calamis, at Athens, furnishes a sufficient ground for bringing down his date to the great plague at Athens, in B. C. 430, 429. Pausanias merely assigns this as a fraditionaal reason for the surname of the god, whereas we know it to have been an epithet very anciently applied to various divinites, and analogy would lead us to suppose its origin to be mythical rath. 455; 5. He was the teacher of Pheidias, Myron, and Polycleitus, who flourished in the middle of the fifth century, B. C.; 6. he made a statue of Heracles Alexicacos, at Melite, which was supposed to have been set up during the great plague of B. C. 430-429; and 7. he is placed by Pliny, with Polycleitus, Phradmon, and Myron, at Ol. 87, n. 100.432. Now of these data, the 3rd, 4th, and 5th can alone be relied on, and they are not irreconcileable with the Ist, for Ageladas may, as a young man, h
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Plato (search)
these accounts from sources which are, to a great extent, untrustworthy. Even Aristoxenus, the disciple of Aristotle, must have proceeded in a very careless manner in his notices respecting Plato, when he made him take part in the battles at Tanagra, B. C. 426, and Delium, B. C. 424. (D. L. 3.8 ; comp. Aelian, Ael. VH 2.30.) Plato is said to have been the son of Ariston and Perictione or Potone, and to have been born at Athens on the 7th day of the month Thargelion (21st May), Ol. 87. 2, B. C. 430; or, according to the statement of Apollodorus, which we find confirmed in various ways, in Ol. 88. 1, B. C. 428, that is, in the (Olympic) year in which Pericles died; according to others, he was born in the neighbouring island of Aegina. (D. L. 3.1, 3 comp. 5.9, 3.2, 3; Corsini, Fast. Attici, 3.230; Clinton, Fasti Hell. sub anno 429, &c.) His paternal family boasted of being descended from Codrus; his maternal ancestors of a relationship with Solon (D. L. 3.1.) Plato mentions the relatio
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Pytha'goras (search)
ero. (Paus. 6.13.1.) Now, supposing (as is natural) that this was during the time that Hliero was king (B. C. 478-467, Ol. 75. 3-78. 2), the last victory of Astylus must have been either in Ol. 77, or Ol. 78; or, even if we admit that Hiero was not yet king, and place the last victory of Astylus in Ol. 75 (Müller, Dorier, Chron. tab.), the earliest date at which we should be compelled to place Pythagoras would be about B. C. 480, and, comparing this with Pliny's date, we should have B. C. 480-430 as the time during which he flourished. This result agrees very well with the indications furnished by his other statues of Olympic victors, by his contest with Myron, and by the statements respecting the character of his art. According to Diogenes Laertius (8.47), Pythagoras was the first who paid special attention to order and proportion in his art; and Pliny states that he was the first who expressed with care and accuracy the muscles and veins and hair (Plin. l.c. § 4). Hence it would s
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Theocosmus (search)
heocosmus had undertaken to make, with the assistance of Pheidias, but the execution of which was interrupted by the breaking out of the Peloponnesian War, and the consequent incursions of the Athenians into the Megarensian territory. The face alone was of ivory and gold, and the rest of the statue of mud (or plastic clay) and gypsum ; and behind the temple there lay some half-wrought logs of wood, which Theocosmus had intended to cover with ivory and gold, and to use in completing the statue. Above the head of the god were the Hours and the Fates (Paus. 1.40.3. s. 4). Theocosmus also made the statue of Lysander's pilot, Hermon, which formed a portion of the great votive offering dedicated by the Lacedaemonians at Delphi, out of the spoils of the battle of Aegospotami (Paus. 10.9.4. s. 8). Hence Theocosmus must have flourished from before the beginning till after the end of the Peloponnesian War, that is, in round numbers, about B. C. 435-430. He was the father of CALLICLES I. [P.S]
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Tima'goras (search)
Tima'goras （*Timago/ras), historical. 1. A Tegean, was one of the ambassadors who were sent, in B. C. 430, to ask the king of Persia to aid the Peloponnesians against Athens. On their way through Thrace they were seized by SADOCUS at the instigation of the Athenian envoys at the court of Sitalces, and, having been taken to Athens, were there put to death. (Thuc. 2.67
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