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A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith) 3 3 Browse Search
Lycurgus, Speeches 1 1 Browse Search
Strabo, Geography (ed. H.C. Hamilton, Esq., W. Falconer, M.A.) 1 1 Browse Search
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight) 1 1 Browse Search
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Browsing named entities in A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith). You can also browse the collection for 640 BC or search for 640 BC in all documents.

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A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Aristo'crates (search)
Aristo'crates 2. King of Orchomenus in Arcadia, son of Hicetas, and grandson of the preceding, was the leader of the Arcadians in the second Messenian war, when they espoused with other nations in the Peloponnesus the side of the Messenians. He was bribed by the Lacedaemonians, and was guilty of treachery at the battle of the Trench; and when this was discovered some years afterwards, he was stoned to death by the Arcadians. His family was deprived of the sovereignty according to Pausanias, or completely destroyed according to Polybius ; but the latter statement at all events cannot be correct, as we find that his son Aristodamus ruled over Orchomenus and a great part of Arcadia. The date of Aristocrates appears to have been about B. C. 680-640. (Strab. viii. p.362 ; Paus. 4.17.4, 22.2, &c., 8.5.8; Plb. 4.33; Plut. de sera Num. Vind. 100.2; Müller, Aeginetica, p. 65, Dor. 1.7.11.
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Cylon (search)
Cylon （*Ku/lwn), an Athenian of noble family and commanding presence, won the prize for the double course (di/aulos) at the Olympic games, in B. C. 640, and married the daughter of Theagenes, tyrant of Megara. Excited.apparently and encouraged by these advantages, and especially by his powerful alliance, he conceived the design of making himself tyrant of Athens, and having consulted the Delphic oracle on the subject, was enjoined to seize the Acropolis at the principal festival of Zeus. Imagining that this must refer, not to the Athenian *Dia/sia (see Dict. of Ant. p. 333), but to the Olympic games, at which he had so distinguished himself, he made the attempt during the celebration of the latter, and gained possession of the citadel with his partisans, who were very numerous. Here, however, they were closely besieged, the operations against them being conducted, according to Thucydides, by the nine archons; according to Herodotus, by the Prytanes of the Naucrari. (See Dict. of Ant.
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), (search)
lity between the horse and the griffin. The body of the griffin was that of a lion, while the head and wings were those of an eagle. This monstrous conception suggests that the origin of the belief in griffins must be looked for in the east, where it seems to have been very ancient. (Hdt. 3.116, 4.13, 27; Paus. 1.24.6. 8.2.3; Aelian, Ael. NA 4.27; Plin. Nat. 7.2, 10.70.) Hesiod seems to be the first writer that mentioned them, and in the poem " Arimaspae " of Aristeas they must have played a prominent part. (Schol. ad Aeschyl. Prom. 793.) At a later period they are mentioned among the fabulous animals which guarded the gold of India. (Philostr. Vit. Apollon. 3.48.) The figures of griffins were frequently employed as ornaments in works of art ; the earliest instance of which we have any record is the bronze patera, which the Samians ordered to be made about B. C. 640. (Hdt. 4.152; comp. 79.) They were also represented on the helmet of the statue of Athena by Phidias. (Paus. l.c.) [L.S]