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Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), B. (search)
ourse to the warps. Bobbinet. Bobbin-stand. Bobbin-winder (for looms) Bobbin-winder (for shuttle-bobbins of sewing-machines). The thread that makes the bobbinet is supplied partly from bobbins and partly from a warp. The bobbins are small brass pirns, and swing with a pendulous motion between the warp-threads so as to wrap the weft round the warp. The bobbinet-machine was originally derived from the stocking-frame, invented by the unfortunate William Lee, M. A., of Cambridge, 1589. Lee was successively patronized by Elizabeth and by Henry IV. of France. The former liked the stockings well enough, but refused Lee a patent, as the invention was so valuable that it would command the market. The assassination of Henry deprived Lee of a more generous patron, and he fell into poverty, obscurity, and an untimely grave. Hammond (about 1768) modified a stocking-frame to make a coarse imitation of Brussels ground; this was the pin-machine. In 1784, the warp-frame was
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), C. (search)
also photographic camera. Cam′e-ra-lu′ci-da. Founded upon the invention of Baptista Porta (1589), by Dr. Hooke, about 1674. Improved by Wollaston, 1805. Phil. Trans., Vol. XXXVIII. p. 741. was laid down by Alhazen the Saracen, A. D. 1100. See binocular glasses. Baptista Porta, in 1589, mentions it in his book on Natural magic. Sir Isaac Newton remodeled it, 1700. Daguerre, in 18 in the breech of the gun. Breech-loading cannon were introduced by Daniel Spekle, who died in 1589, and by Uffanus. Cannon of ice were made at St. Petersburg in 1740, and repeatedly fired, — a highest, and the others diminishing in proportion. The clavichord used in concerts about A. D. 1589 had been known for some centuries; it was a flat rectangular box having twenty keys, embracing tw coin or medal with milled edges is said to be that of George Frederick, Marquis of Brandenburgh, 1589. The angel, value 6s. 8d., first coined A. D. 1430. The obverse represented Michael the Archa<
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), E. (search)
re, England, and is preserved at Oxford. An enameled gold cup was presented by King John to the corporation of Lynn, Norfolk, and is yet preserved. Luca della Robbia, born about 1410, applied tin enamel to pottery, and excelled in the art. Bernard Palissy, the Huguenot potter, born about 1500, devoted many years to the discovery and application of enamels of various colors to pottery. He was remarkably successful in true copies of natural objects. His method died with him. He died in 1589, in prison, for consciencea sake. John Petitot, of Geneva (1607 – 91), is regarded as one of the first to excel in portraits. He worked for Charles I. of England, and subsequently for Louis XIV. of France. The revocation of the Edict of Nantes drove him from France to the city of his birth, Geneva. In 1632, Jean Tontin, of Chateaudun, introduced the practice of grinding the colors in oil of spike, instead of water. Faience and majolica may be considered forms of the art. The en
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), K. (search)
ry II, of France, 1547, and by Queen Elizabeth in 1560. About this time knitted worsted stockings were made by William Rider of London, after the pattern of some imported from Mantua. Silk and worsted stockings were imported from Spain and Italy into England during the reign of Henry VIII. Spain was always famous for its sheep and wool. (See merino.) In 1530 the word knit was common in England, and occurs in Palgrave's grammar. In 1577 the country folks knitted their own stockings. In 1589, William Lee, M. A., of Cambridge, England, invented and made a model of a knittingframe. He applied to Elizabeth for help, and then to Henry IV. of France, who promised it. The assassination of Henry threw him into poverty and obscurity, in which he died. His workmen, with their stocking-frames, settled in Derbyshire and started a factory, which soon threw the hose of woolen cloth and leather entirely out of the market. Queen Elizabeth refused a patent to William Lee on account of the va
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), S. (search)
) A device for remedying injuries to the tendons, varicose veins, etc., occurring in the lower part of a horse's leg. It has upright braces, to maintain a tension on the part; is perforated, to permit a certain degree of ventilation; and is secured by laces. Horse-stocking. Stock′ing-frame. The English term for a stocking-knitting machine. The term frame is there common, as spinning-frame, warping-frame, etc. The stocking-frame was invented by William Lee, of Cambridge, England, 1589. In this machine the thread is first pushed down between each alternate needle of a set by a series of levers with plates, termed jack-sinkers, which are depressed successively by a sort of carriage on rollers, the slur, operated by the slur-bar. Another series of levers with plates, called leadsinkers, is then depressed by a sinkerbar, forming a loop between each pair of needles. The loops are then pushed back out of the way of the sinkers and another set formed in the same way, which are