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hamplain, began a fort. The merchants grudged the expense. It is not best to yield to the passions of men, was his reply; they sway but for a season; it is a duty to respect the future; and in a few years the castle St. Louis, so long the place 1624. of council against the Iroquois and against New England, was durably founded on a commanding cliff. In the same year, the viceroyalty was transferred to 1624. the religious enthusiast, Henry de Levi; and through his influence, in 1625, just a1624. the religious enthusiast, Henry de Levi; and through his influence, in 1625, just a year after Jesuits had 1625. reached the sources of the Ganges and Thibet, the banks of the St. Lawrence received priests of the order, which was destined to carry the cross to Lake Superior and the West. The presence of Jesuits and Calvinists led to dissensions. The savages caused disquiet. But the persevering founder of Quebec appealed to the Royal Council and to Richelieu; and though disasters inter- 1627 vened, Champlain successfully established the authority of the French on the ban
veral settlements, in parties, under commissioned Chap V.} officers, fell upon the adjoining savages; and a law of the general assembly commanded, that in July of 1624, the attack should he repeated. Six years later, the 1630 colonial statute-book proves that schemes of ruthless vengeance were still meditated; for it was sternlears and had been in the colony a twelvemonth. Hening, l. 28, Act 35. The commissioner unfortunately died on his passage to Europe. Burk, i. 277. Chap. V.} 1624. The spirit of liberty had planted itself deeply among the Virginians. It had been easier to root out the staple produce of their plantations, than to wrest fgland could not have given a more earnest proof of their disposition to foster the plantations in America, than by restraining all competition in their Chap. V.} 1624. own market for the benefit of the American planter. Meantime, the commissioners arrived from the colony, and made their report to the king. Hazard, i. 190, 19
ve authority to a man whose connections in England were precisely those which the colony regarded with the utmost aversion. As his first appearance in America, in 1624, had been with no friendly designs, so now he was the support of those who desired large grants of land and unreasonable concessions of separate jurisdictions; andill, which had passed the house, was left among the unfinished business of the session; nor was the affair adjusted, till, as we have already seen, the commons, in 1624, again expressed their regard for Virginia by a 1624. petition, to which the monarch readily attempted to give effect. Hazard, i. 193—198, 198—202. The fir1624. petition, to which the monarch readily attempted to give effect. Hazard, i. 193—198, 198—202. The first colonial measure Ibid. 202, 203. of King Charles related 1625 to tobacco; and the second proclamation, Ibid. 203—205. though its object purported to be the settling of the plantation of Virginia, partook largely of the same character. In a series of public acts, King Charles attempted during his reign to procure a re
bread or any thing else but a cup of fair spring water, was the best dish which the hospitality of the whole colony could offer. Neat cattle were not introduced 1624 Mar. till the fourth year of the settlement. Yet, during all this season of self-denial and suffering, the cheerful confidence of the Pilgrims in the mercies of Pren in America. The adventurers in England refused to provide them a passage, and attempted, with but short success, to force upon the colonists a clergyman more 1624 to 1626 friendly to the established church; thus outraging at once the affections and the religious scruples of those whom they had pledged themselves to cherish Dy general suffrage; whose power, always subordinate to the general will, was, at the desire of Bradford, specially restricted by a council of five, and afterwards 1624. of seven, assistants. In the council, the governor had 1633. but a double vote. For more than eighteen years, the whole body of the male inhabitants constitute
ineffectual authority was soon resigned. In England, the at tempt occasioned the severest remonstrances, which did not fail to make an impression on the ensuing 1624. parliament. The patentees, alike prodigal of charters and tenacious of their monopoly, having given to Robert 1622 Dec. 13. Gorges, the son of Sir Ferdinand, their qualities and their influence on public happiness, as any by which the human race has ever been diversified. The settlement near Weymouth was revived; a 1624. new plantation was begun near Mount Wollaston, 1625. within the present limits of Quincy; and the merchants of the West continued their voyages to the islands of New England. But these things were of feeble influence compared with the consequences of Chap IX.} 1624. the attempt at a permanent establishment near Cape Ann; for White, a minister of Dorchester, a Puritan, but not a separatist, breathed into the enterprise a higher principle than that of the desire of gain. Roger Conant, h