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Strabo, Geography (ed. H.C. Hamilton, Esq., W. Falconer, M.A.), BOOK V., CHAPTER IV. (search)
oductions of the year.Casaubon conjectures that in place of the tw=| e)/tei tou/tw|, we should read tw=| e)/ari tou/tw, or, the productions of the spring: and it certainly would seem that Strabo is here describing what the Latins called a ver sacrum. An ancient historian, speaking of the occurrence mentioned by Strabo, says, Quondam Sabini fernntur vovisse, si res communis melioribus locis constitisset, se ver sacrum facturos. Sisenn. Hist. lib. iv. ap. Non. Marcell. De doctor. indag. ed. 1683, fol. 2531. Festus, Sext. P. Fest. De verb. sign. F. ed. 1699, p. 478, seems to have mentioned the same thing. They were victorious, and accordingly of the productions,The animals and fruits are intended. the one kind were sacrificed, the other consecrated. However, in a time of scarcity, some one remarked, that they ought likewise to have consecrated the children. This then they did, and the children born at that period were called the sons of Mars.Devoted to Mars. When these had grown
H. Wager Halleck , A. M. , Lieut. of Engineers, U. S. Army ., Elements of Military Art and Science; or, Course of Instruction in Strategy, Fortification, Tactis of Battles &c., Embracing the Duties of Staff, Infantry, Cavalry, Artillery and Engineers. Adapted to the Use of Volunteers and Militia., Chapter 3: Fortifications.Their importance in the defence of States proved by numerous historical examples (search)
case. The besieged have usually great advantages over the besiegers; and unless the latter are vastly superior in number, or the work is of a very inferior character, or the garrison is destitute of the requisite means and energy to resist an attack, they will not be taken. Mezieres was not taken in 1520; nor Marseilles in 1524; nor Peronne in 1536; nor Landrecies in 1543; nor Metz in 1552; nor Montauban in 1621; nor Lerida in 1647; nor Maestricht in 1676; nor Vienna in 1529, and again in 1683; nor Turin in 1706; nor Conde in 1744; nor Lille in 1792; nor Landau in 1793; nor Ulm in 1800; nor Saragossa in 1808; nor Burgos in 1812. This list might be extended almost indefinitely with the names of places that could be reduced neither by force nor by starvation. But, as has already been noticed, some have asserted that fortifications have become of little comparative importance, under the new system of warfare introduced during the wars of the French Revolution. On this subject let
H. Wager Halleck , A. M. , Lieut. of Engineers, U. S. Army ., Elements of Military Art and Science; or, Course of Instruction in Strategy, Fortification, Tactis of Battles &c., Embracing the Duties of Staff, Infantry, Cavalry, Artillery and Engineers. Adapted to the Use of Volunteers and Militia., Chapter 13: permanent fortifications.—Historical Notice of the progress of this Art.—Description of the several parts of a Fortress, and the various Methods of fortifying a position (search)
respects defective, although well adapted to the exigencies of the time. Freytag, their principal engineer, wrote in 1630. Some of his improvements were introduced into France by Pagan. He was preceded by Marolois, (a cotemporary of Pagan,) who published in 1613. In Germany, Rimpler, a Saxon, wrote on fortification in 1671. He was a man of great experience, having served at the sieges of Candia, Phillipsburg, Bonn, Riga, Bremen, Dansburg, Bommeln, &c. He fell at the siege of Vienna in 1683. His writings are said to contain the groundwork of Montalembert's system. In Italy, after the time of Tartaglia, Marchi, Campi, &c., we find no great improvement in this art. Several Italians, however, distinguished themselves as engineers under the Spaniards. The fortifications of Badajos are a good example of the state of the art in Italy and Spain at that epoch. The citadel of Antwerp, built by two Italian engineers, Pacciotti and Cerbelloni, in 1568, has become celebrated for the s
nd civil order, self-forgetful patriotism, domestic love, and religious enthusiasm. These effects have, in their turn, become causes; and the glorious results are extensive wealth, great moral influence, elevated Christian character, and solid happiness. Surely the lines have fallen to us in pleasant places, and God hath given to us a goodly heritage. Chairmen of the board of Selectmen. Jonathan Wade1676. Nathaniel Wade1678. John Hall1679. Nathaniel Wade1681. Jonathan Wade1683. Thomas Willis1684. Nathaniel Wade1685. John Hall1689. Nathaniel Wade1690. John Hall1693. Nathaniel Wade1694. Jonathan Tufts1695. Nathaniel Wade1696. Peter Tufts1698. Nathaniel Wade1699. Peter Tufts1700. Nathaniel Wade1703. Peter Tufts1705. Nathaniel Wade1706. Stephen Francis1707. Stephen Willis1708. John Francis1709. Ebenezer Brooks1710. John Bradshaw1711. John Whitmore1712. Thomas Willis1713. Stephen Willis1714. Jonathan Tufts1715. Samuel Wade1717. Thomas Tufts1718.
ard. His children were--  1-2Peter, b. 1648.  3Jonathan, b. 1657.  4John, b. 1665.  5Mary, m. John Edes.  6Elizabeth, m. Joseph Lynde, bro.-in-law of Pet. Tufts, jun.  7Mercy, m. Joseph Waite.  8Sarah, m. Thomas Oakes.  9Persis, d., unm., 1683.  10Lydia, d., unm., 1683. 1-2Peter Tufts, of Medford, commonly called Capt. Peter, m., 1st, Aug. 26, 1670, Elizabeth, dau. of Thomas Lynde, who d. July 15, 1684, by whom he had--  2-11Anna, b. Feb. 25, 1676.  12Peter, b. Jan. 27, 1678.  13Ma1683. 1-2Peter Tufts, of Medford, commonly called Capt. Peter, m., 1st, Aug. 26, 1670, Elizabeth, dau. of Thomas Lynde, who d. July 15, 1684, by whom he had--  2-11Anna, b. Feb. 25, 1676.  12Peter, b. Jan. 27, 1678.  13Mary, b. Jan. 30, 1681; m. John Brodelins.  14Thomas, b. Mar. 31, 1683; d. Dec. 36, 1733.   He m., 2d, Mary Cotton, Dec. 16, 1684, who was dau. of Rev. Seaborn Cotton by his wife Dorothy Bradstreet, dau. of Gov. Simon Bradstreet by his wife Ann Dudley, the poetess. Mercy Cotton was b. Nov. 3, 1666; and d. June 18, 1715. The issue by this marriage was--  15Cotton, b. June 11, 1686; d. July 28, 1686.  16Mary, b. July 4, 1687; d. Mar. 8, 1688.  17John, b. May 5, 1689; minister at
marriage. He had a daughter Elizabeth, born 1741; died July 9, 1747. Page 538.Colonel Royall (No. 5-11) had a daughter, who married George Erving, of Boston. He (Colonel R.) died 1781; and his wife died 1770. Page 542.Rev. Zechariah Symmes had twelve children: names as given in their place. Page 550.There is no probability, considering the dates, that James (No. 246) was son of Peter (No. 1). Page 555.Lydia, wife of Daniel Turell (No. 1), died June 23, 1659. Page 555.Daniel was captain 1683, not 1646. Page 556.Hezekiah Usher (No. 1) married, first, Frances----. Hannah (No. 5) was daughter by second wife, and was born Dec. 29, 1653. He married his second wife, Nov. 2, 1652. Page 556.Hezekiah (No. 1-2) married Bridget Hoar, 1686, and had no children. All those under that record — viz., Nos. 15, 16, 17--belong to Hezekiah No. 1. Page 556.John Usher married Elizabeth Slidgett, not Sidgett. Page 558.Jonathan Wade (No. 1) had Mary, baptized October, 1663, who married William Sym
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Anne, Queen, (search)
Anne, Queen, Second daughter of James II. of England: born at Twickenham, near London, Feb. 6, 1664. Her parents became Roman Catholics: but she, edueated in the principles of the Church of England, remained a Protestant. In 1683 she was married to Prince George of Denmark. She took the side of here sister Mary and her husband in the revolution that drove her father from the throne. She had intended to accompany her father in his exile to France, but was dissuaded by Sarah Churchill, chief lady of the bed-chamber (afterwards the imperious Duchess of Marlborough), for whom she always had a romantic attachment. By the act of settlement at the accession of William and Mary, the crown was guaranteed to her in default of issue to these sovereigns. This exigency happening. Anne was proclaimed queen (March 8. 1702) on the death of William. Of her seventeen children, only one lived beyond infancy--Duke of Gloucester — who died at the age of eleven years. Feeble in character, but
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), California (search)
of the coast of Asia; and, as the aspect of the country corresponded with the description in the romance, they named the peninsula California. In the Gulf of California were found pearls; so the description of the country of the black Amazons——a country filled with gold and Pearls—suited the actual condition of the region explored. Although parts of the present territory of the State are believed to have been discovered about 1534, settlements in Old or Lower California were first made in 1683 by Jesuit missionaries. New or Upper California was discovered later, and the first mission there (San Diego) was planted in 1768. For many years the government of California, temporal and spiritual, was under the control of monks of the Order of St. Francis. It was not until about 1770 that the Bay of San Francisco was discovered, and in 1776 a mission was established there. At the beginning of the nineteenth century eighteen missions had been established in California, with over 15,000 <
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Charters, (search)
Charters, Granted to corporate towns to protect their manufactures by Henry I. in 1132; modified by Charles II. in 1683; the ancient charters restored in 1698. Alterations were made by the Municipal Reform act in 1835. Ancient Anglo-Saxon charters are printed in Kemble's Codex Diplomaticus, 1829. For colonial charters in the United States, see different State articles.
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Chicago, (search)
1900 it had reached 1,698,575. Early history.—The site of Chicago was a favorite rendezvous for several tribes of Indians in summer. Its name signifies, in the Pottawatomie tongue, wild onion, or a polecat, both of which abounded in that region. Of the skin of the polecat the Indians made tobacco-pouches. The spot was first visited by Marquette, a French Jesuit missionary, in 1673, who encamped there in the winter of 1674-75. The French built a fort there, which is marked on a map, in 1683, Fort Checagou. When Canada was ceded to Great Britain this fort was abandoned. The United States government built a fort there in 1804, and named it Dearborn, in honor of the Secretary of War. It was on the south side of the Chicago River, near its mouth. In the War of 1812-15. This fort was evacuated by its garrison in 1812, when the troops and other white inhabitants there were fallen upon by hostile Indians and many people murdered—Aug. 15. The garrison of the fort was commanded