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A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith) 11 11 Browse Search
Flavius Josephus, The Life of Flavius Josephus (ed. William Whiston, A.M.) 1 1 Browse Search
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight) 1 1 Browse Search
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Flavius Josephus, The Life of Flavius Josephus (ed. William Whiston, A.M.), section 189 (search)
the place of his nativity. He then sent his brother Simon, and Jonathan, the son of Sisenna, and about a hundred armed men, to Jerusalem, to Simon, the son of Gamaliel, This Gamaliel may be the very same that is mentioned by the rabbins in the Mishna, in Juchasin, and in Porta Mosis, as is observed in the Latin notes. He might be also that Gamaliel II., whose grandfather was Gamaliel I., who is mentioned in Acts 5:34, and at whose feet St. Paul was brought up, Acts 22:3. See Prid. at the year 449. in order to persuade him to induce the commonalty of Jerusalem to take from me the government over the Galileans, and to give their suffrages for conferring that authority upon him. This Simon was of the city of Jerusalem, and of a very noble family of the sect of the Pharisees, which are supposed to excel others in the accurate knowledge of the laws of their country. He was a man of great wisdom and reason, and capable of restoring public affairs by his prudence, when they were in an ill po
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Anato'lius (search)
Anato'lius （*)Anato/lios), Patriarch of CONSTANTINOPLE (A. D. 449), presided at a synod at Constantinople (A. D. 450) which condemned Eutyches and his followers, and was present at the general council of Chalcedon (A. D. 451), out of the twenty-eighth decree of which a contest sprung up between Anatolius and Leo, bishop of Rome, respecting the relative rank of their two sees. A letter from Anatolius to Leo, written upon this subject in A. D. 457, is still extant. (Cave, Hist. Lit. A. D. 449.) 'lius （*)Anato/lios), Patriarch of CONSTANTINOPLE (A. D. 449), presided at a synod at Constantinople (A. D. 450) which condemned Eutyches and his followers, and was present at the general council of Chalcedon (A. D. 451), out of the twenty-eighth decree of which a contest sprung up between Anatolius and Leo, bishop of Rome, respecting the relative rank of their two sees. A letter from Anatolius to Leo, written upon this subject in A. D. 457, is still extant. (Cave, Hist. Lit. A. D. 449.) [
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), (search)
fifth consulship of Valentinian A. D. 440; but we prefer the statement of Nicephorus, that his banishment was after 442-3, and are disposed to place his death in A. D. 449-50. Eudocia, however, soothed for a time the jealousy of her husband, but it was not eradicated, as subsequent events shewed. Gibbon rejects the whole story of td in alienating her husband from his sister. Pulcheria was forbidden the court, and retired from Constantinople; and in the second or pscudo-council of Ephesus (A. D. 449), known as "the council of robbers" (h/ lhstrikh/), Flavian was deposed, and so roughly treated by the assembled prelates, that he died of their violence a few don of heresy. The opinion of Eutyches on the union of the two natures in Christ, which she held, and which had triumphed in the " council of robbers" at Ephesus (A. D. 449), was condemned in another council held at Chalcedon (A. D. 451), soon after the death of Theodosius. The decrees of this latter council Eudocia for some years r
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Euse'bius (search)
s among the first to defend against Eutyches the doctrine of Christ's twofold nature, as he had already maintained against Nestorius the unity of His person. He first privately admonished Eutyches of his error; but, as he failed in convincing him, lie first denounced him at a synod summoned by Flavius, bishop of Constantinople, and then proceeded to the council which Theodosius had summoned to meet at Ephesus, to declare the Catholic belief on the point mooted by Eutyches. The assembly met A. D. 449 under the presidency of Dioscurus, bishop of Alexandria, a partizan of Eutyches. It was disgraced by scenes of the greatest violence, which gained for it the title of su/nodos lh|strikh/, and besides sanctioning the monophysite doctrine, it decreed the deposition of Eusebius. But Leo the Great, bishop of Rome, interfered and prevailed upon Marcian, the successor of Theodosius, to convene another general council to revise the decrees of this disorderly assembly. It met at Chalcedon, A. D. 4
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Eu'tyches (search)
d, in spite of the extent of his influence at court, where Chrysaphius, eunuch and chief chamberlain to Theodosius II., was a close friend of Dioscurus, and godson to Eutyches. Besides this, Chrysaphis had a strong desire to crush the partisans of Pulcheria. the emperor's sister, who was warmly attached to Flavian. By his influence Theodosius was persuaded to declare himself dissatisfied with the decision of Flavian's synod, and to refer the matter to a general council, to meet at Ephesus, A. D. 449. under the presidency of Dioscurus. This is the celebrated lh|strikh\ su/nodos, an appellation which it most richly deserved. It was composed almost entirely of partisans of Eutyches. Flavian, and those who had judged him on the former occasion,though allowed to be present, were not to be suffered to vote. Theodoret, the historian, who had been a friend of Nestorius, was not to vote without the permission of Dioscurus; and a number of frantic Egyptian monks accompanied their abbot, Barsuma
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Flavia'nus (search)
sided, and which is known in history as the Council of Robbers (h( lh|strikh\)), Flavian and the other members of the synod which had condemned Eutyches were present, but were not allowed to vote, since their conduct was called in question. Their friends were overborne in an irregular manner, Eutyches was restored, and Flavian not only deposed and sentenced to banishment, but so roughly beaten and kicked by the Egyptian and other attendants of Dioscorus, that he died three days afterwards (A. D. 449). This violence probably tended to the reaction which took place in the mind of the emperor. Pulcheria regained her ascendancy; the body of Flavian was, by her order, honourably conveyed to Constantinople, and buried in the Church of the Holy Apostles. Pope Leo the Great honoured him as a confessor, and the Council of Chalcedon as a martyr; and since the time of Baronius he has been commemorated in the Martyrology of the Romish Church. Works A letter of Flavian to Pope Leo was published
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Joannes AEGEATES (search)
eror Zeno. As the council of Ephesus is the point at which the ecclesiastical history of Socrates leaves off, it is probable that the history of John of Aegae commenced, like that of Evagrius [EVAGRIUS, No. 3], at that point, and consequently that the five books which had been read by Photius were the first five. Photius describes his style as perspicuous and florid ; and says that he was a great admirer of Dioscorus of Alexandria, the successor of Cyril, and extolled the synod of Ephesus (A. D. 449), generally branded with the epithet h( lh|strikh/, " the synod of robbers" [FLAVIANUS, No. 3], while he attacked the council of Chalcedon. To how late a period the history came down cannot be determined; if known, it might guide us in determining the time when the writer lived. 2. A work which Photius describes as *Kata\ th=s a(gi/as teta/rths suno/dou, Adversus Quartam Sanctam Synodum. This must be Photius's description, not the original title of the work ; for a writer against the autho
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), (search)
over the Roman Church from A.D. 492 to A. D. 496. Moreover, his works were collected after his death and published by Asterius, as we learn front a short introductory epigram, to which is added, in some MSS., the note " Hoc opus Sedulius inter chartulas dispersum reliquit : quod recollectum adornatumque ad omnem elegantiam divulgatum est a Turcio Ruiio Asterio V. C. consule ordinario atque patricio." Upon turning to the Fasti we discover that an Asterius was consul along with Protogenes in A. D. 449, and that Turcius Rufus Apronianus Asterius was consul along with Praesidius in A. D. 496. Combining these facts little doubt can be entertained that the latter is the person indicated above, and that we may fix the epoch of Sedulius about A. D. 450. Of his personal history we know nothing whatsoever. By Trithemius (l.c.) indeed he is said to have been a Scot, the disciple of archbishop Hildebert; but this and similar statements arose. it would appear, from confounding three different pers
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Theodore'tus (search)
ost violent language, plainly calling Theodoret a Nestorian. As a last attempt to pacify the proud patriarch, Theodoret went so far, in a second letter, as to declare those accursed who said that the Virgin was not the mother of God, or that Christ was a mere man, or who would represent the Only-begotten as if in his person there were two Sons of God; Dioscorus cut short the correspondence, by pronouncing a public anathema upon Theodoret in the church of Alexandria; and soon afterwards, in A. D. 449, he assembled under his own presidency the second Council of Ephesus, justly called the robber-synod, which pronounced the deposition both of Theodoret, and of Flavian, patriarch of Constantinople, Domnus, patriarch of Antioch, and the other bishops who had condemned Eutyches at the synod of Constantinople in the preceding year. Theodoret had been excluded from the synod which deposed him by the express wish of the emperor, who now commanded him to retire to a monastery at Apamea; his en
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), A. (search)
re marked with the cartouche of the king. The Sarmatians wore scale armor of pieces of horn or horse-hoofs fastened to a linen doublet. Goliath was armed with a coat of mail (1 Samuel xvii). It is frequently spoken of by Homer. Demetrius, son of Antigonus, had a coat of mail made of Cyprian adamant (perhaps steel). Cyprus was famous for its armor. The ancient Scythians had armor composed of horse's hoofs curiously strong and jointed together. Hengist the Saxon had scale armor A. D. 449, and King John of England possessed a hauberk of rings set edgewise, 1200. The cavalry of Henry III. had coats of mail. Henry VII. had a steel cuirass, 1500. Since the introduction of fire-arms the use of armor has been gradually discontinued, and it is now confined to the heavy cavalry or cuirassiers of European armies. As worn at present, it generally consists of a helmet of brass strengthened with steel, and a cuirass composed of a front piece, or breast-plate, and a back piece stron