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H. Wager Halleck , A. M. , Lieut. of Engineers, U. S. Army ., Elements of Military Art and Science; or, Course of Instruction in Strategy, Fortification, Tactis of Battles &c., Embracing the Duties of Staff, Infantry, Cavalry, Artillery and Engineers. Adapted to the Use of Volunteers and Militia., Chapter 2: Strategy.—General divisions of the Art.—Rules for planning a Campaign.—Analysis of the military operations of Napoleon (search)
ns of mountains, rivers, lines of fortresses, &c., are regarded as permanent lines of defence. The Alpine range between France and Piedmont, with its fortified passes; the Rhine, the Oder, and the Elbe, with their strongly-fortified places; the Pyrenees, with Bayonne at one extremity and Perpignon at the other; the triple range of fortresses on the Belgian frontier — are all permanent lines of defence. The St. Lawrence river is a permanent line of defence for Canada; and the line of lake Champlain, the upper St. Lawrence, and the lakes, for the United States. Temporary lines of defence are such as are taken up merely for the campaign. Napoleon's position in Saxony, in 1813; the line of the allies in Belgium, in 1815; the line of the Marne, in 1814, are examples of temporary lines of defence. It will be seen from these remarks that lines of defence are not necessarily bases of operation. Strategic positions are such as are taken up during the operations of a war, either by
H. Wager Halleck , A. M. , Lieut. of Engineers, U. S. Army ., Elements of Military Art and Science; or, Course of Instruction in Strategy, Fortification, Tactis of Battles &c., Embracing the Duties of Staff, Infantry, Cavalry, Artillery and Engineers. Adapted to the Use of Volunteers and Militia., Chapter 8: our northern frontier defences.—Brief description of the fortifications on the frontier, and an analysis of our northern campaigns. (search)
gainst the Niagara frontier, a second against Kingston, and a third against Montreal. These orders were dispatched from Washington the 26th of June, nearly a month after Hull had begun his march from Dayton. Dearborn's army, on the first of September, consisted of six thousand five hundred regulars and seven thousand militia--thirteen thousand five hundred in all: six thousand three hundred for the Niagara frontier, two thousand two hundred at Sacketts Harbor, and five thousand for Lake, Champlain. Even with this absurd plan of campaign and faulty division of the forces, we might have succeeded if the general had acted with energy, so exceedingly weak were the Canadian means of defence; but instead of taking advantage of his superiority in numbers and the favorable circumstances of the time, he entered into an armistice with the British general, and his whole army of thirteen thousand five hundred men lay inactive till the 13th of October, when the absurd project of crossing the Ni
The writings of John Greenleaf Whittier, Volume 1. (ed. John Greenleaf Whittier), Narrative and legendary poems (search)
orget; Heaven's gate is shut to him who comes alone; Save thou a soul, and it shall save thy own!” 1868. Norembega. Norembega, or Norimbegue, is the name given by early French fishermen and explorers to a fabulous country south of Cape Breton, first discovered by Verrazzani in 1524. It was supposed to have a magnificent city of the same name on a great river, probably the Penobscot. The site of this barbaric city is laid down on a map published at Antwerp in 1570. In 1604 Champlain sailed in search of the Northern Eldorado, twenty-two leagues up the Penobscot from the Isle Haute. He supposed the river to be that of Norembega, but wisely came to the conclusion that those travellers who told of the great city had never seen it. He saw no evidences of anything like civilization, but mentions the finding of a cross, very old and mossy, in the woods. the winding way the serpent takes The mystic water took, From where, to count its beaded lakes, The forest sped its broo
The writings of John Greenleaf Whittier, Volume 4. (ed. John Greenleaf Whittier), Appendix (search)
engeance left his vine-hung isle? Wood Island, near the mouth of the Saco. It was visited by the Sieur de Monts and Champlain, in 1603. The following extract, from the journal of the latter, relates to it: ‘Having left the Kennebec, we ran alonwith vines, that, in their season, produce excellent grapes. We named it the island of Bacchus.’ —Les Voyages de Sieur Champlain, LIV. 2, c. 8. Hark! at that whistle, soft and low, How lights the eye of Mogg Megone! A smile gleams o'er his dusky ious sleepers. Note 12, page 358. Wood Island, near the mouth of the Saco. It was visited by the Sieur de Monts and Champlain, in 1603. The following extract, from the journal of the latter, relates to it: Having left the Kennebec, we ran along with vines, that, in their season, produce excellent grapes. We named it the island of Bacchus. —Les Voyages de Sieur Champlain, LIV. 2, c. 8. Note 13, page 359. John Boniton was the son of Richard Bonython, Gent., one of the most efficient an
George Bancroft, History of the United States from the Discovery of the American Continent, Vol. 2, 17th edition., Chapter 15: (search)
oached the bold land, three separate rivers seemed to be in sight. He stood towards the northernmost, which was probably Rockaway inlet, but finding only ten feet of water on its bar, he cast about to the southward, and almost at the time when Champlain was invading New York from the North, he sounded his way to an anchorage within Sandy Hook. On the fourth the ship went further up the Horse Shoe to a very good harbor near the New Jersey shore; and that same day the people of the country can they had enjoyed, cheerfully followed the example. Albany Records, XXIII. 318, 323—326, 3.32, &c. The quiet of the neighboring colonies was secured by a compromise for Long Island and a timely message from Massachusetts. The year in which Champlain and the French entered New York on the north as enemies to the Five Nations, Hudson and the Dutch appeared at the south as their friends. The Mohawk chiefs now came down to congratulate their brethren on the recovery of their colony. We have
George Bancroft, History of the United States from the Discovery of the American Continent, Vol. 2, 17th edition., Chapter 17: (search)
e and their war-songs preserved the memory of their heroes. They proudly deemed themselves supreme among mankind; men excelling all others; and hereditary arrogance inspired their young men with dauntless courage. When Hudson, John Smith, and Champlain, were in America together, the Mohawks had extended their strolls from the St. Lawrence to Virginia; half Long Island paid them tribute; and a Mohawk sachem was reverenced on Massachusetts Bay. The geographical position of their fixed abodes, and monopoly. The Iroquois recruited their tribes by adopting captives of foreign nations; New France was sealed against the foreigner and the heretic. For nearly fourscore years, hostilities had prevailed, with few interruptions. Thrice did Champlain invade the country of the Mohawks, till he was driven with wounds 1609 to 1615 1622 1623 and disgrace from their wilderness fastnesses. The Five Nations, in return, at the period of the massacre in Virginia, attempted the destruction of New F
George Bancroft, History of the United States from the Discovery of the American Continent, Vol. 3, 15th edition., Chapter 20: (search)
Caron, an unambi- 1615, 1616. tious Franciscan, the companion of Champlain, had penetrated the land of the Mohawks, had passed to the north nists William and Emeric Caen, the hundred associates,—Richelieu, Champlain, Razilly, and 1627 opulent merchants, being of the number,—by a whole basin of the St. Lawrence, and of such other rivers in New Champlain, Voyages de. France as flowed directly into the sea; they includeprovince. Touched by the simplicity of the order of St. Francis, Champlain had selected its priests of the contemplative class for his comp barbarians to the civilization of Christianity. The genius of Champlain, whose comprehensive 1632 mind planned enduring establishments fation was laid, under happy auspices, in 1635, 1635. just before Champlain passed from among the living, two years before the emigration of age had erected expressly to honor the memory of the illustrious Champlain. Thus the climate made one martyr;—the companion of Raymbault <
George Bancroft, History of the United States from the Discovery of the American Continent, Vol. 3, 15th edition., Chapter XXI (search)
ded the Merrimac to Chap. XXI.} the English settlements, astonishing their friends by their escape, and filling the land with wonder at their successful daring. Such scenes had no influence on the question of boundaries between Canada and New England. In the late summer of 1696, the fort of Pemaquid was taken by D'Iberville and Castin. Thus the frontier of French dominion was extended into the heart of Maine; and Acadia was yet, for a season, secured to the countrymen of De Monts and Champlain. In the west, after the hope of conquering Canada was abandoned, Frontenac had little strife but with the Five Nations, whom he alternately, by missions and treaties, endeavored to win, and, by invasions, to terrify into an alliance. In February, 1692, three hundred French, with Indian confederates, were sent over the snows against the hunting parties of the Senecas in Upper Canada, near the Niagara. In the fol- 1693 Jan and Feb. lowing year, a larger party invaded the country of the
George Bancroft, History of the United States from the Discovery of the American Continent, Vol. 3, 15th edition., Chapter XXII (search)
rs only as the active allies of the French. They often invaded, but never inhabited, New England. The Etchemins, or Canoemen, dwelt not only on the St. John's River, the Ouygondy of the natives, Champlain i. 74. but on the St. Croix, which Champlain always called from their name, and extended as far west, at least, as Mount Desert. Next to these came the Abenakis, of whom one Chap XXII.} tribe has left its name to the Penobscot, and another to the Androscoggin; while a third, under the auspices Champlain. Relation, &c. of Jesuits, had its chapel and its fixed abode in the fertile fields of Norridgewock. The clans that disappeared from their ancient hunting-grounds did not always become extinct; they often migrated to the north and west. Of the Sokokis, who Relation 1646 appear to have dwelt near Saco, and to have had an alliance with the Mohawks, many, at an early day, abandoned the region where they first became known 1646. to European voyagers, and placed themselve
George Bancroft, History of the United States from the Discovery of the American Continent, Vol. 3, 15th edition., Chapter XXIII (search)
d that part of Vermont and New York which is watered by streams flowing to the St. Lawrence, had ever been regarded by France as Canadian territory. The boat of Champlain had entered the lake that makes his name a familiar word, in the same summer in which Hudson ascended the North River. Holland had never dispossessed the Frenchty were far from being explicit. But France did not merely remonstrate against the attempt to curtail its limits and appropriate its provinces. Entering Lake Champlain, it established, in 1731, the fortress of the Crown. The garrison of the French was at first stationed on the eastern shore of the lake, but soon removed to the in 1724, the government of Massachusetts had established Fort Dummer, on the site of Brattleborough; and thus, one hundred and fifteen years after the inroad of Champlain, a settlement of civilized man was made in Vermont. That Fort Dummer was within the limits of Massachusetts, was not questioned by the French; for the fort at S
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