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d spinning cotton by machinery, making cotton warp, which was so superior to that spun by hand that the demand speedily became greater than the supply, and the business proved exceedingly profitable. For several years previous to the establishment of the Waltham Factories, Mr. Bemis was somewhat extensively engaged in manufacturing Cotton Duck, Sheetings, Shirtings, Bed Ticking, Bagging, Cotton Yarns, &c., employing large numbers of weavers on hand looms. In March 1809, he employed a Mr. Douglas to construct for him a Twisting Machine of 48 spindles. In October of the same year, he employed six English weavers, paying fourteen cents per yard for weaving, and in November following made sales of duck in Boston, No. 1 at 65 cents, and No. 2 at 58 cents per yard. This was probably the first Cotton Sail Duck ever made and sold in this country. Report of Boston Board of Trade, 1857, p. 65. The sheetings and shirtings sold for 42 cents a yard. During the years 1811 and 1812 his