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Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Engineering. (search)
d, one-third is used for steam production, one-third in metallurgical processes, and one-third for domestic consumption. Next in importance comes the production of iron and steel. Steel, on account of its great cost and brittleness, was only used for tools and special purposes until past the middle of the nineteenth century. This has been all changed by the invention of his steel by Bessemer in 1864, and open-hearth steel in the furnace of Siemens, perfected some twenty years since by Gilchrist & Thomas. The United States have taken the lead in steel manufacture. In 1873 Great Britain made three times as much steel as the United States. Now the United States makes twice as much as Great Britain, or 40 per cent. of all the steel made in the world. Mr. Carnegie has explained the reason why, in epigrammatic phrase: Three lbs. of steel billets can be sold for 2 cents. This stimulates rail and water traffic and other industries, as he tells us 1 lb. of steel requires 2 lb
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Sumter, Fort (search)
he said: Do not distrust Virginia. As sure as to-morrow's sun will rise upon us, just so sure will Virginia be a member of the Southern Confederacy. And I will tell you, gentlemen, what will put her in the Southern Confederacy in less than an hour by Shrewsbury clock—Strike a blow! The very moment that blood is shed, Old Virginia will make common cause with her sisters of the South. This cry for blood, sent to Montgomery by telegraph, was repeated at the capital of the Confederacy. Mr. Gilchrist, a member of the Alabama legislature, said to Davis and his compeers, Gentlemen, unless you sprinkle blood in the faces of the people of Alabama, they will be back in the old Union in less than ten days. The order went to Beauregard to strike the blow. At noon, on April 11, he sent messengers to demand the surrender of the fort. Anderson promptly refused, but told the messengers that, unless his government sent him relief before the 15th, he would be compelled to evacuate the fort for