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Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Cold Harbor, battle of (search)
hence they had marched towards the Chickahominy. Sheridan had seized the point at Cold Harbor, and the Nationals took a position extending from beyond the Hanover road to Elder Swamp Creek, not far from the Chickahominy. Burnside's corps composed the right of the line, Warren's and Wright's the centre, and Hancock's the left. The Confederate line, reinforced by troops under Breckinridge, occupied a line in front of the Nationals-Ewell's corps on the left, Longstreet's in the centre, and A. P. Hill's on the right. On the morning of June 1, 1862, Hoke's division attempted to retake Cold Harbor. It was repulsed, but was reinforced by McLaws's division. Wright's 6th Corps came up in time to meet this new danger: and Smith's troops from the Army of the James, after a march of 25 miles, came up and took post on the right of the 6th Corps, then in front of Cold Harbor, on the road leading to Gaines's Mills. Between the two armies was a broad, open, undulating field and a thin line of w
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Fredericksburg, battle at. (search)
long the line. The Confederates, with 300 cannon, were well posted on the heights and ready for action. The battle was begun by a part of Franklin's corps, Meade's division, supported by Gibbon's, with Doubleday's in reserve. Meade soon silenced a Confederate battery, but very soon a terrible The attack on Fredericksburg. storm of shells and canister-shot, at near range, fell upon him. He pressed on, and three of the assailing batteries were withdrawn. Jackson's advance line, under A. P. Hill, was driven back, and 200 men made prisoners, with several battleflags as trophies. Meade still pressed on, when a fierce assault by Early compelled him to fall back. Gibbon, who came up, was repulsed, and the shattered forces fled in confusion; but the pursuers were checked by General Birney's division of Stoneman's corps. The Nationals could not advance, for Stuart's cavalry, on Lee's right, strongly menaced the Union left. Finally, Reynolds, with reinforcements, pushed back the Conf
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Gaines's Mill, battle of. (search)
begun on the morning of the 27th. The duty of protecting the stores in their removal was assigned to General Porter. His corps (the 5th) was also charged with the duty of carrying away the siege-guns and covering the army in its march to the James. These troops were accordingly arrayed on the rising ground near Gaines's Mills, on the arc of a circle between Cold Harbor and the Chickahominy, when they were attacked by a Confederate force, in the afternoon, led by Generals Longstreet and A. P. Hill. A few of the siege-guns were yet in position. Morell's division occupied the left, Sykes's regulars and Duryee's Zouaves the right, and McCall's division formed a second line, his left touching Butterfield's right. Seymour's brigade and horse-batteries commanded the rear, and cavalry under Gen. Philip St. George Cooke were on flanking service near the Chickahominy. The brunt of the battle first fell upon Sykes, who threw the assailants back in confusion with great loss. Longstreet p
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Heth, Henry 1825-1899 (search)
Heth, Henry 1825-1899 Military officer; born in Black Heath, Va., Dec. 16, 1825; graduated at West Point in 1847; left the service and joined the Confederates in April, 1861, and entered the service of Virginia as brigadier-general. He was made a Confederate major-general in May, 1863, and commanded a division of A. P. Hill's corps in Virginia. He fought at Gettysburg, and in the campaign in defence of Richmond (1864-65), and surrendered with Lee. He died in Washington, D. C., Sept. 27, 1899.
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Hill, Ambrose Powell 1825- (search)
Hill, Ambrose Powell 1825- Military officer; born in Culpeper county, Va., Nov. 9, 1825; graduated at West Point in 1847; entered the 1st Artillery, and served in the war with Mexico, and against the Seminoles in 1849-50; resigning in 1861, joined the Confederates, and was made colonel of the 13th Virginia Volunteers. He soon rose to major-general in the Confederate army, and was one of its most efficient officers in the various campaigns in 1862 and 1863, in Virginia and Maryland. He was one of the most efficient officers of Lee's army in the defence of Petersburg and Richmond, in 1864-65. In the final struggle at Petersburg, he was instantly killed by a musket-shot, April 2, 1865.
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Logan, John Alexander 1826-1886 (search)
uth,—I send you the last order from General Pope, which indicates the future as well as the present. Wagons are rolling along rapidly to the rear, as if a mighty power was propelling them. I see no cause for alarm, though I think this order may cause it. McDowell moves on Gainesville, where Sigel now is. The latter got to Buckland Bridge in time to put out the fire and kick the enemy, who is pursuing his route unmolested to the Shenandoah, or Loudoun county. The forces are Longstreet's, A. P. Hill's, Jackson's, Whiting's, Ewell's, and Anderson's (late Huger's) divisions. Longstreet is said by a deserter to be very strong. They have much artillery and long wagon-trains. The raid on the railroad was near Cedar Run, and made by a regiment of infantry, two squadrons of cavalry, and a section of artillery. The place was guarded by nearly three regiments of infantry and some cavalry. They routed the guard, captured a train and many men, destroyed the bridge, and retired leisurely dow
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Malvern Hill, battle of. (search)
ll attack until late in the afternoon. He formed his line with the divisions of Generals Jackson, Ewell, Whiting, and D. H. Hill on the left (a large portion of Ewell's in reserve); Generals Magruder and Huger on the right; while the troops of A. P. Hill and Longstreet were held in reserve on the left. The latter took no part in the engagement that followed. The National line of battle was formed with Porter's corps on the left (with Sykes's division on the left and Morell's on the right), whvisions were to charge and carry a battery before them. This shout was to be a signal for a general advance with bayonets. This programme was not carried out. When, late in the afternoon, a heavy artillery fire was opened on Couch and Kearny, A. P. Hill, believing that he heard the shout, advanced to the attack, but found himself unsupported. A single battery was at work, instead of 200 great guns, as had been promised. That battery was soon demolished, and the Confederates driven back in
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Maryland, State of. (search)
ion with Richmond, by way of the Shenandoah Valley, and then, marching towards Pennsylvania, entice McClellan's forces in that direction. At a proper time Lee was to turn suddenly, defeat his antagonist, and then march upon Washington. See South Mountain. After the battle at Chancellorsville (q. v.) Lee's army was strong in material and moral force. Recent successes. had greatly inspirited it. It was reorganized into three army corps, commanded respectively by Generals Longstreet, A. P. Hill, and Ewell. At no time, probably, during the war was the Confederate army more complete in numbers, equipment, and discipline, or furnished with more ample materials for carrying on the conflict, than it was at the middle of June, 1863, when Lee invaded Maryland. According to Confederate official returns, there were at least 500,000 men on the army rolls, and more than 300,000 present and fit for duty. Richmond seemed secure from harm. Vicksburg and Port Hudson, on the Mississippi, see
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Battle of Mechanicsville, or Ellison's Mill, (search)
Hanover Court-house. He had already made provision for a defeat by arrangements for a change of base from the Pamunkey to the James River; and when, on the morning of June 25, 1862, he heard of the advance of Jackson on his right, he abandoned all thought of moving on Richmond, took a defensive position, and prepared for a retreat to the James River. On the right side of the Chickahominy General Porter was posted with 27,000 men and ten heavy guns in battery. At 3 P. M., on the 26th, Gen. A. P. Hill crossed the river and drove a regiment and a battery at Mechanicsville back to the main line near Ellison's Mill, where the Nationals were strongly posted. There, on a hill, McCall's Pennsylvania Reserves were posted, 8,500 strong, with five batteries. These, with a part of Meade's brigade, were supported by regulars under Morell and Sykes. General Reynolds held the right, and General Seymour the left, and the brigades of Martindale and Griffin were deployed on the right of McCall.
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Petersburg. (search)
Hancock and Wright stealthily to the left, to attempt to turn the Confederate right. The former was pushed back. Scene at the siege of Petersburg. On the following morning (June 22) the Nationals were attacked by divisions of the corps of A. P. Hill, driving back a portion of them with heavy loss. At sunset Meade came up and ordered both corps to advance and retake what had been lost. It was done, when Hill retired with 2,500 prisoners. The next morning Hancock and Wright advanced, and rse around Petersburg. Longstreet went to the help of Lee, and the latter ordered a charge to be made to recover some of the lost intrenchments. It failed; and so ended the really last blow struck for the defence of Richmond by Lee's army. Gen. A. P. Hill, one of Lee's best officers, was shot dead while reconnoitring. Lee now perceived that he could no longer hold Petersburg or the capital with safety to his army. At 10.30 on Sunday morning (April 2) he telegraphed to the government at Ri
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