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the request chap. XII.} 1765. April. of the duke of Cumberland, the king, again without consulting his four ministers, gave directions, that his uncle and his brothers, five in all, should be specially designated as fixed members of the council. This they refused to approve; and yielded to his wishes only on condition that he should renounce the privilege which he had reserved of appointing four others To Grenville he refused this concession; but afterwards accepted it in concert with Northington. Grenville had certainly just cause of complaint, and on Sunday, the twenty-eighth of April, with a firm and steady countenance, and at very great length, he expostulated with the king on his withholding confidence from his ministers. The king at first started and professed surprise; and as the conversation proceeded, grew exceedingly agitated and disturbed, changed countenance, and flushed so much that the water stood in his eyes from the excessive heat of his face; but he neither deni
fatality I did not expect; and with grief and disappointment in his heart, he retired into Somersetshire. Let us see, said the ministers, if the duke of Cumberland will be desperate enough to form an administration without Pitt and Temple. Northington assured them, that they might remain in office if chap. XV.} 1765. June they chose. The most wary gave in their adhesion; even Charles Yorke went to Grenville and declared his support, and Gilbert Elliott did the like. Our cause is in you world, of which neither Voltaire nor himself had any preconception. The new ministry did not enter upon their career with any purpose of repealing or changing the stamp act. Many of those whose support was essential to them, among others, Northington, who remained in the cabinet as chancellor, Yorke, and Charles Towns- chap. XV.} 1765. July. hend, were among its earliest and most strenuous supporters; and the duke of Cumberland was the last man in England to temporize with what he might
principles, by which the liberty of the person was secured against arbitrary arrest, and the rights of property were recognised as sacred against every exaction without consent. The two opinions were also represented in the new ministry. Northington, the Lord Chancellor, chap. XX.} 1765. Dec. and Charles Yorke, the Attorney-General, insisted on the right to tax America; while Grafton and Conway inclined to abdicate the pretended right, and the kind-hearted Rockingham declared himself read will they pay to your paper protestations? Ministers may be afraid of going too far on their own authority; but will they refuse assistance when it is offered them? We serve the chap. XX.} 1765. Dec. crown by strengthening its hands. Northington, the Chancellor, argued from the statute book, that, as a question of law, the dependence of the colonies had been fully declared in the reign of William III.; and he lustily roared, that America must submit. Lord Mansfield denied the power
tries. H. Hammersley to Sharpe. Thus he reasoned in a strain of eloquence, which Pitt called divine. Chatham Correspondence, II. 368. The editor erroneously dates the letter 15 Jan. It was of 4 February. I cannot sit silent, replied Northington, the. Lord Chancellor, speaking very shortly; I cannot sit silent, upon doctrines being laid down so new, so unmaintainable, and so unconstitutional. In every state there must be a supreme dominion; every government can arbitrarily impose lawed and sustained, chap. XXII.} 1766. Feb. the rightfulness of his policy was affirmed; and he was judged to have proceeded in conformity with the constitution. Thus did Edmund Burke and the Rockingham ministry on that night lead Mansfield, Northington, and the gentlemen of the long robe, to found the new tory party of England, and recover legality for its position, stealing it away from the party that hitherto, under the revolution, had possessed it exclusively. It was decided as a questio
ity and jurisdiction of parliament, the evil consequences of which no declaratory act can avert or qualify. Wiffen's House of Russell, II., 571. The House of Lords divided. For subduing the colonies, if need be, by sword or fire, there appeared sixty-one, including the Duke of York, and several of the bishops; in favor of the repeal there were seventy-three; but adding the voices of those absent peers, who voted by proxy, the numbers were one hundred and five against seventy-one. Northington, than whom no one had been more vociferous that the Americans must submit, voted for the repeal, chap XXIV.} 1766. Mar. pleading his unwillingness to act on such a question against the House of Commons. Immediately, the protest which Lyttelton had prepared against committing the bill, was produced, and signed by thirty-three peers, with Bedford at their head. Against the total repeal of the Stamp Act, they maintained that such a strange and unheard of submission of King, Lords, and