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support a general accusation against the Province. At Boston, Charles Paxton, the Marshal of the Court of Admiralty, came with the Sheriff a, 1767. and of Hutchinson. Hutchinson to R. Jackson, introducing Paxton; date not given, but evidently of Oct. 1766. We are drawing neaec. 1766; and J. Williams in reply, 5 Jan. 1767. Hutchinson to Charles Paxton, then in London, Dec. 1766. The Resolves of Parliament were citrisy of Hutchinson; and roused the public to a sense of danger from Paxton's Hutchinson to Paxton, Dec. 1766. voyage to England. The jealoPaxton, Dec. 1766. voyage to England. The jealous Legislature dismissed Richard Jackson from the service of the Province; and the House elected the honest, but aged Dennys De Berdt as its od had not subsided, when traces began to appear of the influence of Paxton, who had arrived from Boston, to tell his stories of rebellion agai hope of succeeding where Grenville had failed; and in concert with Paxton, from Boston, he was devising a scheme for a Board of Customs in Am
mber. Answer of the House, 31 Jan. 1767, in Bradford, 104; and Letter from the House to Dennys De Berdt, 16 March, 1767 The Council, by a unanimous vote, denied his pretensions. The language of the Charter was too explicit to admit of a doubt; Opinion of the Attorney General in England, cited in a Minute relative to Massachusetts Bay, 1767. yet Bernard, as the accomplice of Hutchinson, urged the interposition of the central Government. Men feared more and more the system which Feb Paxton had gone to mature. With unshaken confidence in Hawley, Otis, and Samuel Adams, Freeborn American, in Boston Gazette, 9 March, 1767. they scanned with increasing jealousy every measure that Chap. Xxviii} 1767. Feb. could imply their consent to British taxation. They inquired if more troops were expected; and when the Governor professed, in pursuance of the late Act of Parliament, to have made provision at the Colony's expense for those which had recently touched at Boston Harbor, they
ority and reduce every refractory body to obedience, appeared to it the perfection of statesmanship, and the true method of colonial reform. A good system would have Chap XXIX} 1767. May. been a consummate work of deliberative wisdom; the principle of despotic government acted with more speed and uniformity, having passion for its interpreter, and a statesman like Townshend, to execute its impulses. That statesman had no ear except for complaints against the Colonies, and for men like Paxton, who blinded him to every thing but what suited their cupidity. It was his purpose Compare Trecothick in Cavendish, i. 212. to effect a thorough revolution in colonial government, and to lay the foundation of a vast American revenue. The American merchants and friends to the Colonies took the utmost pains to moderate resentments and to extinguish jealousies. Their committee, with Trecothick at its head, interposed with Townshend;. but he answered: I do not in the least doubt the righ
ernard, Bernard to Shelburne, 31 August, 7 September, 1767. will be impracticable without violence; and he advised a regiment of soldiers as the surest way of inspiring notions of acquiescence and submission. Ships of war and a regiment, said Paxton in England, Compare Bollan to Hutchinson, 11 August, 1767. are needed to ensure tranquillity. Never was a community more distressed or Oct. divided by fear and hope, than that of Boston. There the American Board of the Commissioners of thd; and to that town the continent was looking for an example. Rash words were spoken, Bernard to Shelburne, 21 Sept. 1767. rash counsels conceived. The Chap. XXX.} 1767. Oct. Commissioners, said the more hasty, must not be allowed to land.—Paxton must, like Oliver, be taken to Liberty Tree or the gallows, and obliged to resign.—Should we be told to perceive our inability to oppose the mother country, cried the youthful Quincy, we boldly answer, that in defence of our civil and religious r
rd, he had sacrificed the favor of the King. Left to battie alone by the ally for whom he had been a martyr, the famed financier saw the nothingness of the calculations of party. His health began to fail; the little that remained to him of life became steeped in bitterness; he seemed ready to curse his former associates and to die. At the time when the public indignation was roused by the news of the general agreement which the town of Boston was promoting, and fears were entertained, that Paxton on his arrival would be taken to Liberty Tree and compelled to resign his new commission, Durand to Choiseul, 10 Dec. 1767. the Ministry was revolutionized, but without benefit to Grenville. The Colonies were taken from Shelburne and consigned to a separate department of State, with Lord Hillsborough as its Secretary. Conway made room for Lord Weymouth, a vehement but not forcible speaker; in private life, cold and taciturn; impoverished by gambling, and of such habits that the world
l, 23 Feb. 1768. How to induce the British Government to change the Charter, and send over troops was the constant theme of discussion; and it was concerted that the eighteenth of March, the anniversary of the Repeal of the Stamp Act, should be made to further the design. Reports were industriously spread of an intended insurrection on that day; of danger to the Commissioners of the Customs. The Sons of Liberty, on their part, were anxious to preserve order. At day-break the effigy of Paxton and that of another revenue officer, were found hanging on Liberty Tree; they were instantly taken Chap. XXXII.} 1768. March down by the friends of the people. The Governor endeavored to magnify the atrociousness of the insult, and to express fears of violence; the Council justly insisted there was no danger of disturbance. The day was celebrated Boston Gazette of 21 March, 1768; 677, 3, 1. by a temperate festival, at which toasts were drunk to the Freedom of the Press, to Paoli and
r purposes. Bernard to Hillsborough, 16-18 June, 1768. Hutchinson sounded the alarm to his various correspondents, especially to Whately, Compare Whately to Grenville, 26 July, 1768; in Grenville Papers, IV. 322. I now know, &c. &c. to whom Paxton also sent word, that unless they should have immediately two or three regiments, it was the opinion of all the friends to government, that Boston would be in open rebellion. Charles Paxton to T. Whately, in the Letters, &c. 41. To interpret anCharles Paxton to T. Whately, in the Letters, &c. 41. To interpret and enforce the correspondence, Hallowell, the comptroller, was despatched as their emissary to London. Bernard to Hillsborough, P. S. 18 June, 1768. Hutchinson to Whately, 18 June, 1768. To bring troops into Boston, was the surest way of hastening an insurrection; the letters, soliciting them, may have been kept secret, but the town divined their purpose; and at its legal meeting on Chap. XXXIV.} 1768. June. Friday, the seventeenth, instructing its representatives in words prepared by
the rights of the Imperial Sovereignty. By your own acts you will be judged. Your publications are plain and explicit, and need no comment. And he prorogued the General Court to the tenth of January. Their last message, he wrote to Hillsborough, exceeds every thing. Newport, Rhode Island, witnessed still bolder resistance. A vessel with a cargo of prohibited goods was rescued from the revenue officers, whose ship Chap. XLI.} 1769. July. named Liberty, was destroyed. Hulton, Temple, Paxton, to Gov. Pitkin, 7 Aug. 1769. William Reid's Affidavit. Representation to the King of Commissioners of Inquiry, 22 June, 1773. Just as this was heard of at Boston, Hillsborough's Circular promising relief from all real grievances and a repeal of the duties on glass, paper and colors, as contrary to the true principles of commerce, was received by Bernard, and was immediately made public. At once the merchants, assembling on the twenty-seventh of July, voted unanimously, that this part
tax; and Hillsborough, disregard- Chap. XLVII.} 1771. July. ing a usage of more than fifty years, commanded the compliance of the legislature. The engrossed taxbill for the year was of the same tenor with the annual Acts from time immemorial. The assessors had moreover rated the Commissioners with extreme moderation. Persons who had less income, were taxed as much as they, so that it did not even appear that any regard was had to their salaries. Hutchinson to——, Boston, 17 July, 1771. Paxton's provincial tax for all his personal estate and all his income, was for the last year less than three pounds sterling; and what he paid to the town and county not much more. Hutchinson to——, 19 July, 1771. And to defeat this little tax, in itself so reasonable, so consonant to usage, and in its apportionment so forbearing, Hutchinson, on the fourth of July, greatly against his own judgment, negatived the Bill, and declared his obligation under his instructions to negative any other, dra
ectable among the Americans themselves, as necessary for the welfare of that country, endeavored to convince Franklin of the well ascertained fact. Franklin remaining skeptical, he returned in a few days with letters from Hutchinson, Oliver, and Paxton, written to produce coercion. These had been addressed to Whately, who had communicated them to Grenville, his patron, and through him to Lord Temple. Almon's Biog. Anecdotes, II. 105; confirmed by the recently printed Grenville Papers, whic but they were certain that neither nature nor the God of nature required them to crouch Issachar-like, between the two burdens of poverty and slavery. We prize our liberties so highly, thus the men of Leicester with the districts of Spencer and Paxton spoke modestly and sincerely, that we think it our duty to risk our lives and fortunes in defence thereof. For that spirit of virtue which induced your town, at so critical a day to take the lead in so good a cause, wrote the Town of Petersham,