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The Photographic History of The Civil War: in ten volumes, Thousands of Scenes Photographed 1861-65, with Text by many Special Authorities, Volume 5: Forts and Artillery. (ed. Francis Trevelyan Miller), The Confederate artillery—its organization and development (search)
an army. Later, he became general manager and president of various Southern railroads, Government director of the Union Pacific Railroad Company from 1885 to 1887, and in 1901 engineer arbitrator in charge of the mooted boundary survey between Costa Rica and Nicaragua. use of shell, spherical case, or canister, and was most effective at close quarters; the latter, because it was light and easily handled, and its range and accuracy remarkable. At the siege of Petersburg, in the summer of 1864ulted by General Lee than any other artillery officer in the Confederate service. In later life he became president of several railroads, Government director of the Union Pacific Railroad, and engineer arbitrator of the boundary survey between Costa Rica and Nicaragua. The battalion was composed of six batteries--two more than customary--four Virginia, one South Carolina and one Louisiana. Together with the more noted Washington Artillery of New Orleans, with four batteries, it composed the
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Alexander, Edward Porter, 1835- (search)
Alexander, Edward Porter, 1835- Engineer; born in Washington, Ga., May 26, 1835; was graduated at the United States Military Academy, and commissioned a second lieutenant in the United States Engineer Corps in 1857, resigned and entered the Confederate army in 1861; served with the Army of Northern Virginia from the beginning to the close of the war, attaining the rank of brigadier-general and chief of ordnance. In 1866-70 he was Professor of Mathematies and Engineering in the University of South Carolina; in 1871-92 engaged in railroad business; and in 1892-94 was a member of the Boards on Navigation of the Columbia River, Ore., and on the ship-canal between Chesapeake and Delaware bays. Subsequently he was engineer-arbitrator of the boundary survey between Costa Rica and Nicaragua.
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Central America, (search)
Central America, A large expanse of territory connecting North and South America, and comprising in 1901 the republics of Guatemala, Honduras, Salvador, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica. The region was discovered by Columbus, in his fourth voyage, in 1502. He found the bay of Honduras, where he landed; then proceeded along the main shore to Cape Gracias a Dios; and thence to the Isthmus of Darien, hoping, but in vain, to obtain a passage to the Pacific Ocean. At the isthmus he found a harbor,ttempt of Europeans to make a permanent lodgment on the continent of America. Many attempts have been made in recent years to bring about a federation of the five republics, the latest in 1895, when the Greater Republic of Central America was formed, and in 1898, when, by treaty, Honduras. Salvador, and Nicaragua formed the United States of Central America, Guatemala and Costa Rica declining to enter the compact. Local revolutions and mutual jealousies have so far prevented a permanent union.
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Chinese-American reciprocity. (search)
et for American goods. Some decades must elapse before American farmers and manufacturers can look to that quarter for relief. But on the other side of the Pacific lies the vast empire of China, which in extent of territory and density of population exceeds the whole of Europe. To be more particular, the province of Szechuen can muster more able-bodied men than the German Empire. The province of Shantung can boast of as many native-born sons as France. Scatter all the inhabitants of Costa Rica or Nicaragua in Canton, and they would be completely lost in that city's surging throngs. Transport all the people of Chile into China and they would fill only a city of the first class. Further comparisons are needless. Suffice it to say that China has her teeming millions to feed and to clothe. Many of the supplies come from outside. The share furnished by the United States might be greatly increased. According to the statistics published by the United States government, China in 1
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Clayton-Bulwer treaty, the (search)
of a canal on the Nicaragua route, and this, after various vicissitudes and being amended materially, was adopted in the Senate on Jan. 21, 1899, by a vote of forty-eight to six. The chief provisions of this bill were: the issue of 1,000,000 shares of stock at $100 each, the United States to take 945,000 shares; the canal to be completed in six years; to be ample to accommodate the largest sea-vessels; and to cost not over $115,000,000. In case of failure in negotiating with Nicaragua or Costa Rica for the route the President was empowered to negotiate for another one. The bill guaranteed the neutrality of the canal. The most important feature of the bill in the present connection was the authority given to the President to open negotiations with the British government for the abrogation of the Clayton-Bulwer treaty. Under the last provision a convention was signed in February. 1900. by Secretary Hay, on the part of the United States, and by Lord Pauncefote on the part of Great B
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Diplomatic service. (search)
enipotentiary, Brussels. Bolivia. George H. Bridgman, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, La Paz. Brazil. Charles Page Bryan, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Rio de Janeiro. Chile. Henry L. Wilson, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Santiago. China. Edwin H. Conger, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Peking. Colombia. Charles Burdett Hart, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Bogota. Costa Rica. William L. Merry, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, San Jose. Denmark. Laurits S. Swenson, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Copenhagen. Dominican republic. William F. Powell, Charge d'affaires, Port au Prince. Ecuador. Archbald J. Sampson, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Quito. Egypt. John G. Long, Agent and Consul-General, Cairo. France. Horace Porter, Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, Paris
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Johnes, Edward Rodolph 1852- (search)
Johnes, Edward Rodolph 1852- Lawyer; born in Whitesboro, N. Y., Sept. 8, 1852; graduated at Yale College in 1873 and at Columbia Law School in 1876. He was the Venezuelan representative in the boundary dispute of that country and also counsel in the Nicaragua and Costa Rica boundary case. His publications include The Monroe doctrine as applied to Venezuelan boundary question; English and American bankruptcy and insolvency laws; History of Southampton, R. I., etc.
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Military Academy, United States (search)
e appointed, one from each congressional district, Territory, and the District of Columbia, by the Secretary of War, at the request of the Representative or Delegate in Congress of the district or Territory in which the applicant is an actual resident. There are also thirty appointments at large, specially conferred by the President of the United States. In 1901 there were three extra cadets at the Academy, who were authorized by Congress to enter it at their own expense, from Venezuela, Costa Rica, and Ecuador. The Representative may nominate a legally qualified second candidate, to be designated the alternate. The alternate will receive from the War Department a letter of appointment, and will be examined with the regular appointee, and if duly qualified will be admitted to the Academy, in the event of the failure of the principal to pass the prescribed preliminary examinations. Appointees to the Military Academy must be between seventeen and twenty-two years of age, free from
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Morgan, John Tyler 1824- (search)
r the present concessions from Nicaragua and Costa Rica. Those concessions are grants of rights, t grants by the governments of Nicaragua and Costa Rica. In making these exclusive concessions thCanal Company of Nicaragua. Nicaragua and Costa Rica are stockholders in the company and may voteol. The concessions made by Nicaragua and Costa Rica are in line with this declaration, and make ment; not a means of governing Nicaragua and Costa Rica, or any foreign people or power, but as a meiew of the concessions made by Nicaragua and Costa Rica to our citizens, and of our legislation to aistent with the sovereignty of Nicaragua and Costa Rica over their own domain. Any other nation mncluded in these concessions. Nicaragua and Costa Rica could not present an argument or a plausiblee usurped the sovereignty over Nicaragua and Costa Rica. The Suez Canal, with almost 100 miles oft some other government besides Nicaragua or Costa Rica will build and control it. The people of Eur[1 more...]
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Nicaragua. (search)
a, and the American minister there, John H. Wheeler, gave countenance to the usurpation. These movements in Nicaragua created alarm among the other governments on the isthmus, and in the winter of 1856 they formed an alliance. Early in March, Costa Rica made a formal declaration of war against the usurpers of Nicaragua, and on the 10th of that month, Walker, who was the real head of the state, made a corresponding declaration against Costa Rica. He shamelessly declared that he was there by thCosta Rica. He shamelessly declared that he was there by the invitation of the Liberal party in Nicaragua. War began on March 20, when the Costa Ricans marched into Nicaragua. Walker gained a victory in a battle, April 11, and became extremely arrogant. He levied a forced loan on the people in support of his power. Rivas, becoming disgusted with this gray-eyed man of destiny, as his admirers called him, left the presidency and proclaimed against Walker. Walker became his successor in office, June 24, and was inaugurated President of Nicaragua on Ju
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