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A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Memnon (search)
Memnon 2. Governor of Thrace, who, while Alexander was absent in the East, seized the opportunity afforded by the disaster of Zopyrion, and revolted. The outbreak, however, was speedily suppressed by Antipater, B. C. 330. (Diod. 17.62.)
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Menander of ATHENS (search)
rces on the Hellespont in B. C. 342-341, the year of Menander's birth, and was defended by Demosthenes in his oration peri\ tw=n *Xersonh/sw. (Anon. de Com. p. xii.) On this fact the grammarians blunder with their usual felicity, not only making Menander a friend of Demosthenes, which as a boy he may have been, but representing him as inducing Demosthenes to defend his father, in B. C. 341, when he himself was just born, and again placing him among the dicasts on the trial of Ctesiphon, in B. C. 330, when he was in his twelfth year. (Meineke, Menand. Reliq. p. xxiv.) Alexis, the comic poet, was the uncle of Menander, on the father's side (Suid. s. v. *\)Alecis); and we may naturally suppose, with one of the ancient grammarians (Anon. de Com. p. xii.), that the young Menander derived from his uncle his taste for the comic drama, and was instructed by him in its rules of composition. His character must have been greatly influenced and formed by his intimacy with Theophrastus and Epicuru
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Metrodo'rus (search)
Metrodo'rus 3. Of CHIOS, a disciple of Democritus, or, according to other accounts, of Nessus of Chios He flourished about B. C. 330. He was a philosopher of considerable reputation, and professed the doctrine of the sceptics in their fullest sense. Metrodorus did not confine himself to philosophy, but studied, at least, if he did not practise, medicine, on which he wrote a good deal. It is probably he who is quoted more than once by Pliny. He was the instructor of Hippocrates and Anaxarchus. Works *Peri\ fu/sews Cicero (Cic. Ac. 2.23.73) gives us a translation of the first sentence of his work *Peri\ fu/sews : Nego scire nos sciamusne aliquid an nihil sciamus: ne id ipsum quidem nescire aut scire; nec omnino sitne aliquid, an nihil sit. The commencement of the same work is quoted in Eusebius (Praep. Evang. xiv. p. 765). *Trwi+ka/ Athenaeus (iv. p. 184a) quotes from a work by Metrodorus, entitled *Trwi+ka/. *Peri\ i(stori/as A work, *Peri\ i(stori/as, is cited by the sch
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Nica'nor (search)
e Danube, in the expedition of Alexander against the Getae, B. C. 335, on which occasion he led the phalanx. (Arr. Anab. 1.4.3.) But during the expedition into Asia he appears to have uniformly held the chief command of the body of troops called the Hypaspists (u(paspistai/) or foot-guards, as his brother Philotas did that of the e(tai=roi, or horseguards. We find him mentioned, as holding this post, in the three great battles of the Granicus, of Isstui, and of Arbela. He afterwards accompanied Alexander with a part of the troops under his command, during the rapid march of the king in pursuit of Dareius (B. C. 330); which was probably his last service, as he died of disease shortly afterwards, during the advance of Alexander into Bactria. His death at this juncture was probably a fortunate event, as it saved him from participating either in the designs or the fate of his brother Philotas. (Arrian, Anab. i. 14, 2.8, 3.11, 21, 25; Curt. 3.24.7, 4.50.27, 5.37.19, 6.22.18; Diod. 17.57.)
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Pau'sias (search)
Pau'sias （*Pausi/as,) one of the most distinguished painters of the best school and the best period of Greek art, was a contemporary of Aristeides, Melanthius, and Apelles (about B. C. 360-330), and a disciple of Pamphilus. He had previously been instructed by his father Brietes, who lived at Sicyon, where also Pausias passed his life. He was thus perpetually familiar with those high principles of art which the authority of Pamphilus had established at Sicyon, and with those great artists who resort to that city, of which Pliny says, diu fuit illa patria picturae. The department of the art which Pausias most practised, and in which he received the instruction of Pamphilus, was painting in encaustic with the cestrum, and Pliny calls him primurn in hoc yelnere nobilem. Indeed, according to the same writer, his restoration of the paintings of Polygnotus, on the walls of the temple at Thespiae, exhibited a striking inferiority, because the effort was made in a department not his own, n
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Phile'mon (search)
-Philemon, Menander, Diphilus, Philippides, Poseidippus, Apollodorus. (Anon. de Com. p. xxx. Th=s de\ ne/as kwmw|di/as gego/nasi me\n poihtai\ cd', a)ciologw/tatoi de\ tou/twn *Filh/mwn, *Me/nandros, *Di/filos, *Filippi/dhs, *Posei/dippos, *)Apollo/dwros; comp. Ruhnken, Hist. Crit. Orat. Graec>. p. xcv.) He flourished in the reign of Alexander, a little earlier than Menander (Suid.), whom, however, he long survived. He began to exhibit before the 113th Olympiad (Anon. l.c.), that is, about B. C. 330. He was, therefore, the first poet of the New Comedy * Respecting the error by which Philippides is placed before him, see PHILIPPIDES., and shares with Menander, who appeared eight years after him, the honour of its invention, or rather of reducing it to a regular form; for the elements of the New Comedy had appeared already in the Middle, and even in the Old, as for example in the Cocalus of Aristophanes, or his son Araros. It is possible even to assign, with great likelihood, the very p
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Philo'crates (search)
ched by Hyperides through an ei)saggeli/a, for his treason, and deemed it expedient to go into voluntary exile before the trial came on. Of his subsequent fortunes we have no certain information. Demosthenes, in his speech on the Crown, speaks of Philocrates as one of those who assailed him with false accusations after the battle of Chaeroneia in B. C. 338; and from this it might be inferred that the traitor had then returned from banishment, but Aeschines mentions him as still an exile in B. C. 330 (c. Ctes. p. 65), and we may therefore believe, with Mr. Newman, that Philocrates was still dangerous to Demosthenes in 338 by his voice or pen, "with which he could pretend to reveal scandalous secrets, owing to his former intimacy with him." (Heges. de Hal. pp. 82, 83; Dem. de Cor. pp. 230, 232, 250, 310, de Fals. Leg. pp. 343, 345, 348, 355, 356, 371, 375, 377. 386, 394, 395, 405, 434, 440, c. Aristoy. pp. 783, 784; Argum. ad Dem. de Pac. p. 56 ; Aesch. de Fals. Leg. pp. 29, 30, 35, 36;
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Philo'tas (search)
in which Alexander held his military talents is sufficiently attested by these facts : nor does it appear that any thing had occurred up to this time to interrupt the familiar and friendly intercourse between them : though according to Plutarch (Aler. 48) information had been secretly given to the king at a much earlier period that Philotas was holding seditious language, if not entertaining treasonable designs, against him (see also Arrian, Arr. Anab. 3.26.1). On the advance into Bactria (B. C. 330) Philotas was left behind with a detachment to pay funeral honours to his brother Nicanor, while Alexander himself pushed forward in pursuit of Bessus (Curt. 6.6.19), but he soon rejoined the main army. It was not long after this, during the halt in Drangiana, that the events occurred which led to his destruction. It appears certain that a plot had been at this time organised by a Macedonian named Dimnus, against the life of Alexander, though what was really its extent or nature it is no
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Philo'xenus (search)
ouring (such, at least, appears to be the meaning of Pliny's words, breviores etianmnum quasdam picturas compendiarias invenit, H. N. 35.10. s. 36.22). Nevertheless, Pliny states that there was a picture of his which was inferior to none, of a battle of Alexander with Dareius, which he painted for king Cassander. A similar subject is represented in a celebrated mosaic found at Pompeii, which, however, the best critics think to have been copied, more probably, from Helena's picture of the battle of Issus (see Müller, Archidol. d. Kunst, § 163, n. 6). As the disciple of Nicomachus, who flourished about B. C. 360, and as the painter of the battle above-mentioned, Philoxenus must have flourished under Alexander, about B. C. 330 and onwards. The words of Pliny, "Cassandro reyi," if taken literally, would show that the date of his great picture must have been after B. C. 317 or 315, for from one of those two years the reign of Cassander must be dated. (Clinton, F. H. vol. ii. p. 236.) [P.
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), or Ptolemaeus Soter (search)
all the other persons concerned. (Plut. Alex. 10 ; Arrian, Arr. Anab. 3.6.) On the accession of Alexander, however, B. C. 336, he was immediately recalled from exile, and treated with the utmost distinction. It is remarkable that we do not find him holding any special command, or acting any important part during the first few years of the expedition to Asia, though it is clear that he accompanied the king throughout this period. Indeed, his name is only twice mentioned previous to the year B. C. 330, when he obtained the honourable post of Somatophylax in the place of Demetrius, who had been implicated in the conspiracy of Philotas. (Arr. ib. 2.11, 3.18, 27.) But from this period we find him continually employed on the most important occasions, and rendering the most valuable services. In the following campaign (329), after the army had crossed the Oxus, Ptolemy was sent forward with a strong detachment, to apprehend the traitor Bessus, whom he seized and brought before Alexander. A
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