Named Entity Results, 87 BC

ribunes of the plebs, P. Sulpicius and P. Antistius, contended, and with justice, that Caesar could not be elected consul without a violation of the lex Annalis; but since he persevered in spite of their opposition, the tribunes had recourse to arms, and thus prevented his election. Shortly afterwards, Sulla entered Rome, and expelled the leaders of the popular party; but upon his departure to Greece to prosecute the war against Mithridates, Marius and Cinna obtained possession of the city (B. C. 87), and C. Caesar was put to death, together with his brother Lucius. It may be added, that C. Caesar was a member of the college of pontiffs. C. Caesar was regarded as one of the chief orators and poets of his age, and is introduced by Cicero as one of the speakers in the second book of his " De Oratore." Wit was the chief characteristic of Caesar's oratory, in which he was superior to all his contemporaries; but he was deficient in power and energy. His tragedies were distinguished by eas

ia, was born on the 12th of July, B. C. 100, in the consulship of C. Marius (VI.) and L. Valerius Flaccus, and was consequently six years younger than Pompey and Cicero. He had nearly completed his fifty-sixth year at the time of his murder on the 15th of March, B. C. 44. Caesar was closely connected with the popular party by the marriage of his aunt Julia with the great Marius. who obtained the election of his nephew to the dignity of flamen dialis, when he was only thirteen years of age. (B. C. 87.) Marius died in the following year; and, notwithstanding the murder of his own relations by the Marian party, and the formidable forces with which Sulla was preparing to invade Italy, Caesar attached himself to the popular side, and even married, in B. C. 83, Cornelia, the daughter of L. Cinna, one of the chief opponents of Sulla. He was then only seventeen years old, but had been already married to Cossutia, a wealthy heiress belonging to the equestrian order, to whom he had probably been

Carbo 7. Cn. Papirius Cn. F. C. N. CARBO, a son of No. 3 and cousin of No. 6, occurs in history for the first time in B. C. 92, when the consul Appius Claudius Pulcher made a report to the senate about his seditious proceedings. (Cic. De Legg. 3.19.) He was one of the leaders of the Marian party, and in B. C. 87, when C. Marius returned from Africa, he commanded one of the four armies with which Rome was blockaded. In B. C. 86, when L. Valerius Flaccus, the successor of Marius in his seventh consulship, was killed in Asia, Carbo was chosen by Cinna for his colleague for B. C. 85. These two consuls, who felt alarmed at the reports of Sulla's return, sent persons into all parts of Italy to raise money, soldiers, and provisions, for the anticipated war, and they endeavoured to strengthen their party, especially by the new citizens, whose rights, they said, were in danger, and on whose behalf they pretended to exert themselves. The fleet also was restored to guard the coasts of Italy, and

tullus, VALE'RIUS, whose praenomen is altogether omitted in many MSS., while several, with Apuleius (Apolog.), designate him as Caius, and a few of the best with Pliny (Plin. Nat. 37.6) as Quintus, was a native of Verona or its immediate vicinity, as we learn from the testimony of many ancient writers (e. g. Ov. Am. 3.15. 17 ; Plin. l.c.; Martial, 1.62, 10.103, 14.195; Auson. Drep. &c.). According to Hieronymus in the Eusebian Chronicle, he was born in the consulship of Cinna and Octavius, B. C. 87, and died in his thirtieth year, B. C. 57. The second date is undoubtedly erroneous, for we have positive evidence from his own works that he survived not only the second consulship of Pompey, B. C. 55, and the expedition of Caesar into Britain, but that he was alive in the consulship of Vatinius, B. C. 47. (Carm. lii. and cxiii.) We have no reason, however, to conclude that the allusion to Mammurra, contained in a letter written by Cicero (Cic. Att. 13.52) in B. C. 45, refers to the lampoo

Censori'nus 3. C. Marcius Censorinus, one of the leading men of the Marian party, is first mentioned as the accuser of Sulla on his return from Asia in B. C. 91. (Plut. Sull. 5.) He entered Rome together with Marius and Cinna in B. C. 87, and took a leading part in the massacres which then ensued. It was Censorinus who killed the consul Octavius, the first victim of the proscription; he cut off his head and carried it to Cinna, who commanded it to be hung up on the rostra. Censorinus shared in the vicissitudes of the Marian party, and took an active part in the great campaign of B. C. 82, which established the supremacy of Sulla. He had the command of one of the Marian armies, and is first mentioned as suffering a defeat from Pompey near Sena. He was afterwards sent with eight legions by the consul Carbo to relieve the younger Marius, who was kept besieged at Praeneste; but on his march thither, he was attacked from an ambush by Pompey, and was compelled after considerable loss to tak

escentulis nobis ex commentariolis nostris inchoata ac rudia exciderunt, vix hac aetate digna et hoc usu quem ex causis, quas diximus, tot tantisque consecuti sumus (comp. 1.6), point unquestionably to the early youth of Cicero, but without enabling us to fix upon any particular year. They formed, very probably, a portion of the fruits of that study continued incessantly during the period of tranquillity which prevailed in the city while Sulla was engaged in prosecuting the Mithridatic war (B. C. 87-84), and bear the appearance of notes taken down from the lectures of some instructor, arranged, simplified, and expanded by reference to the original sources. The work is repeatedly quoted by Quintilian, sometimes under the title libri Rhetorici, sometimes as Libri Artis Rhetoricae, generally as Rhetorica (comp. Serv. ad Virg. Aen. 8.321, 9.481), and we might infer from a passage in Quintilian (2.14.5), that De Rhetorice was the appellation selected by the author; at all events, the addit

Cinna an early Roman jurist, mentioned by Pomponius (Dig. 1. tit. 2. s. 2.44), among the disciples of Servius Sulpicius. [T. CAESIUS.] He is cited by Ulpian (Dig. 23. tit. 2. s. 6), and by Javolenus. (Dig. 35, tit. 1. s. 40.40.) There are no data to identify him with any of the various historical Cinnas of his age. He was later than the celebrated L. Cornelius Cinna, who was consul in B. C. 87-84; but may have been his son. [CINNA, No. 3.] The grandson, Cn. Corn. Cinna Magnus, consul in A. D. 5, is of rather too late a date, and, moreover, is termed by Seneca (de Clem. 1.9), a stupid man, "quod nostro jurisconsulto minime convenit," says Maiansius, who seems disposed to identify the jurist with the poet C. Helvius Cinna, the author of Smyrna. (Maiansius, ad XXX. J Ctos. ii. p. 143.) [J.T.G]

Cinna, Corne'lius 2. L. Cornelius Cinna, L. F. L. N., son of No. 1, the famous leader of the popular party, during the absence of Sulla in the East. (B. C. 87-84.) He was praetorian legate in the Marsic war. (Cic. Font. 15.) In B. C. 87, when Sulla was about to take the command against Mithridates, he allowed Cinna to be elected consul with Cn. Octavius, on condition of his taking an oath not to alter the constitution as then existing. (Plut. Sull. 10; Dio Cass. Frag. 117.) Yet Cinna's first acB. C. 87, when Sulla was about to take the command against Mithridates, he allowed Cinna to be elected consul with Cn. Octavius, on condition of his taking an oath not to alter the constitution as then existing. (Plut. Sull. 10; Dio Cass. Frag. 117.) Yet Cinna's first act as consul was to impeach Sulla (Cic. in Cat. 3.10, Brut. 47, Tusc. Disp. 5.19); and as soon as the general had left Italy, he began his endeavour to overpower the senate, by forming a strong popular party out of the new citizens, chiefly of the Italian states, who had lately been enrolled in the 35 old tribes, whereas they had before voted separately as eight tribes (Appian, App. BC 1.55, 56; Cic. Philpp. 8.2; Veil. Pat. 2.20); and by their aid it was proposed to recall Marius and his party. T

Clau'dius 33. App. Claudius Pulcher, the brother, possibly of No. 32, was military tribune in B. C. 87. He was appointed to guard the Janiculum when the city was threatened by Marius and Cinna, but opened a gate to Marius, to whom he was under obligations. (Appian, App. BC 1.68.) It appears, however, that he managed to keep his credit with his own party; for it is probably this Claudius who was interrex in 77, and with Q. Lutatius Catulus had to defend Rome against M. Aemilius Lepidus. (Sall. Fragm. lib. 1.)

Clau'dius 35. App. Claudius Pulcher, apparently the son of No. 29. (Orelli, Inscript. No. 578.) When curule aedile he celebrated the Megalesian games. (Cic. de Harusp. Resp. 12.) In B. C. 89 he was made praetor (Cic. pro Arch. 5), and afterwards filled the office of propraetor. In B. C. 87 Cinna gained a victory over his army. (Liv. Epit. 79.) Claudius was impeached by one of the tribunes, and, not appearing, was deposed from his command and banished. Next year, L. Marcius Philippus, his nephew, who was censor, omitted his name in the list of senators. (Cic. pro Dom. 31, 32.) He appears in 82 to have marched with Sulla against Rome, and met his death near the city. (Plut. Sull. 29.) He married Caecilia, and left three sons and three daughters, but no property. (Varro, R. R. 3.16,)