Rochester......1848
Continuous railroad, Boston to New York, opened......Jan. 1, 1849
Population of the State, 3,097,394......1850
University of Rochester, at Rochester, chartered......May 8, 1850
Arctic expedition in search of Sir John Franklin sails from New York under Lieutenant De Haven and Dr. Elisha Kent Kane......May 24, 1850
Collins line of steamships begin between New York and Liverpool—an American line......1850
Washington Hunt elected governor.
1850
Erie Railroadenimore Cooper, born in 1789, dies at Cooperstown, N. Y.......Sept. 14, 1851
Whig party disappears from State and national politics after......1852
Horatio Seymour, governor......Jan. 1, 1853
Second Arctic expedition in search of Sir John Franklin sails from New York under Dr. Kane.
Funds mostly furnished by Henry Grinnell, of New York, and George Peabody.
Grinnell land discovered......May 30, 1853
New York clearing-house established......1853
District libraries of the State
aper-money loan system by the issue of £ 15,000 in 1722, followed by an additional issue of £ 30,000......March, 1723
Franklin, seventeen years old, arrives in Philadelphia......October, 1723
Pennsylvania Gazette started by Franklin......Sept. Franklin......Sept. 28, 1729
Franklin founds the Library of Philadelphia, forty persons subscribing forty shillings each and agreeing to pay ten shillings annually......Nov. 8, 1731
Franklin commences the publication of Poor Richard's Almanack......1732
To secuFranklin founds the Library of Philadelphia, forty persons subscribing forty shillings each and agreeing to pay ten shillings annually......Nov. 8, 1731
Franklin commences the publication of Poor Richard's Almanack......1732
To secure their friendship against the overtures of the French, a treaty is made with the Six Nations......1733
Masonic lodge formed in Philadelphia, the second in America......1734
A Catholic church built and mass celebrated in Philadelphia......1734Franklin commences the publication of Poor Richard's Almanack......1732
To secure their friendship against the overtures of the French, a treaty is made with the Six Nations......1733
Masonic lodge formed in Philadelphia, the second in America......1734
A Catholic church built and mass celebrated in Philadelphia......1734
County of Lancaster organized......1737
George Whitefield arrives at Philadelphia......November, 1739
American philosophical society established in Philadelphia by Benjamin Franklin......1743
Hostilities with the Six Nations, after a blo
ennsylvania claimed a right to the soil, and would not confirm the land-titles of the inhabitants received from the Susquehanna Company.
Not only so, but measures were taken to expel the Connecticut people from the valley.
The most unjust and oppressive measures were employed by civil and military officers there.
These the people endured for a while; but when, in July, 1784, two young men were killed by soldiers in the employ of Pennsylvania, the people rose in retaliation, led by Col. John Franklin, of Connecticut. Col. John Armstrong was sent (August) with a considerable force to restore order in the valley.
All these movements were directed by the Pennsylvania Assembly, contrary to the general sentiment of the people.
The hearts of the people of Wyoming were strengthened by the sympathy of good men. The number of settlers increased, and, defying the soldiers under Armstrong, cultivated their lands, and for two years waited for justice.
In 1786 they procured the formation of
f the English whaler Dundee, in describing one of his voyages to Davis' Strait, thus speaks of a similar drift of icebergs:—It was awful to behold the immense icebergs working their way to the north-east from us, and not one drop of water to be seen; they were working themselves right through the middle of the ice.
Here was an undercurrent of such force as to carry a mountain of ice, ripping and crashing through a field of solid ice. Lieutenant De Haven, who made a voyage in search of Sir John Franklin, describes a similar phenomenon as follows:—The iceberg, as before observed, came up very near to the stern of our ship; the intermediate space, between the berg and the vessel, was filled with heavy masses of ice, which, though they had been previously broken by the immense weight of the berg, were again formed into a compact body by its pressure.
The berg was drifting at the rate of about four knots, and by its force on the mass of ice, was pushing the ship before it, as it appeare
grooved peripheries of the car-wheels, which are rotated by a steam-engine on board.
The car is cigar-shaped, and has sails to be used with favoring winds.
The device for passing the posts is ingenious, but does not differ substantially from the mode of hanging the tracks of casterwheels for sliding barn-doors.
Signals have been made, and notices, etc., have been distributed, by means of balloons.
One was invented by Mr. Shepherd, and used in the Arctic regions in the search for Sir John Franklin.
The arrangement consisted of a number of printed packets of oiled silk or paper, upon which directions were printed, stating the latitude and longitude of the exploring ships, where they were going to, and the points at which provisions had been left.
These were attached at proper intervals to a long slowmatch made of rope dipped in niter; and as the balloon traveled over the country, the match burned gradually away, releasing the packets consecutively, and distributing them over a
lway-signal.
The first occasion was at the battle of Fleurus, in 1794, when the French used it to ascertain the position and evolutions of the Austrians.
It was fired at by the Austrians, but allowed to ascend out of range.
A captive balloon was again made use of by the French at Solferino, 1859.
A third use of balloons in this species of service was with the Army of the Potomac in the Peninsular campaign, and perhaps in other fields of action.
The search for the lamented Sir John Franklin gave rise to many ingenious schemes for signaling the party and giving them notice of succor.
Mr. Wallace's plan was to make a survey with the assistance of a captive balloon, affording a means of distributing notices which might reach the party.
The plan understood to have been adopted was that of Mr. Shepherd.
Balloons were inflated and set free, having printed packets of paper or oil-silk, which were distributed occasionally as the balloon traversed across the country.
The p
ord Court House as soon as the advance of General Franklin's grand division, and from that point theuffs above.
One of the lower bridges for General Franklin's command was completed by 10:30 A. M., wur command to Deep River, connecting with General Franklin, extending your right as far as your judg to cross at the lower ford in support of General Franklin.
The General commanding will meet you aties of instructions to General Sumner and General Franklin will be sent to you.
I have the honor t near the lower bridges, as supports for General Franklin.
The forces now under the command of GGeneral Franklin consisted of about sixty thousand men, as shown by the morning reports, and was compl Stoneman's divisions having reported to General Franklin.
Positive information had reached me twith these views.
It will be seen that General Franklin was directed to seize, if possible, the htil he received orders from me; while he (General Franklin) was ordered to move at once. The movemen[11 more...]
icinity of our works, which were only a small part of those who fell under the steady fire of our troops.
Our lines were again established in the same positions, and have not since been disturbed, except by the perpetual attention of the sharpshooters, who occasionally pick off a man. The wounded have been sent to the rear, under the arrangements of Dr. Shippen.
Killed.--John Coffelt, I, One Hundred and Seventh Illinois ; William Peer, B, Fiftieth Ohio; W. R. Hagel, I, Fiftieth Ohio; John Franklin, B, Fiftieth Ohio; William Wiley, A, Fiftieth Ohio; John Clotter, K, Fiftieth Ohio; Joseph Smith, F, One Hundred and Fourth Ohio; Samuel F Totten, F, One Hundred and Fourth Ohio; Thomas E. Willians, G, One Hundredth Ohio; Daniel Hager, K, Fourth Kentucky.
June 1.
The enemy have been very active in shelling our line to-day, under the impression, possibly, that some change is occurring in the disposition of our lines — which may prove correct.
I refrain at present from indicating what
emy's line, which caused them to retreat from Overton Hill.
The enemy on Overton Hill was considerably reinforced, during the attack, on account of the firmness of the assault, and which naturally weakened the enemy's left and made it easier for our troops to break their line at that point.
Under orders from the General commanding we moved down the Franklin pike and bivouacked on the left of the army.
December seventeenth, we marched to the north bank of the Harpeth river, opposite Franklin, in pursuit of the enemy.
December eighteenth, marched about three miles south of Franklin, where orders reached us to return to Franklin, and from there to move to Murfreesboro.
We arrived in Murfreesboro on the twentieth of December at about noon, the men completely worn down, having accomplished by far the hardest march that I ever experienced.
The rain had fallen almost constantly, and every brook had overflown its banks and assumed the proportions of a river.
The mud was ankle
