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A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith) 14 14 Browse Search
Samuel Ball Platner, Thomas Ashby, A Topographical Dictionary of Ancient Rome 4 4 Browse Search
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A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Aca'cius (search)
Aca'cius 2. A Syrian by birth, lived in a monastery near Antioch, and, for his active defence of the Church against Arianism, was made Bishop of Berrhoea, A. D. 378, by St. Eusebius of Samosata. While a priest, he (with Paul, another priest) wrote to St. Epiphanius a letter, in consequence of which the latter composed his Panarium. (A. D. 374-6). This letter is prefixed to the work. In A. D. 377-8, he was sent to Rome to confute Apollinaris before Pope St. Damasus. He was present at the Oecumenical Council of Constantinople A. D. 381, and on the death of St. Meletius took part in Flavian's ordination to the See of Antioch, by whom he was afterwards sent to the Pope in order to heal the schism between the churches of the West and Antioch. Afterwards, he took part in the persecution against St. Chrysostom (Socrates, Hist. Eccl. 6.18), and again compromised himself by ordaining as successor to Flavian, Porphyrius, a man unworthy of the episcopate. He defended the heretic Nestorius again
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Ae'rius (search)
Ae'rius （*)Ae/rios), Heretic, the intimate friend of Eustathius of Sebaste in Armenia, A. D. 360, was living when St. Epiphanius wrote his Book against Heresies, A. D. 374-6. After living together an ascetic life, Eustathius was raised to the episcopate, and by him Aerius was ordained priest and set over the Hospital (ptwxotrofei=on) of Pontus. (St. Epiph. ad v. Haer. 75.1.) But nothing could allay the envy of Aerius at the elevation of his companion. Caresses and threats were in vain, and at last he left Eustathius, and publicly accused him of covetousness. He assembled a troop of men and women, who with him professed the renunciation of all worldly goods (a)potaci/a). Denied entrance into the towns, they roamed about the fields, and lodged in the open air or in caves, exposed to the inclemency of the seasons. Aerius superadded to the irreligion of Arius the following errors : 1. The denial of a difference of order between a bishop and a priest. 2. The rejection of prayer and alms f
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), (search)
t with his father at Ozizalis in Cappadocia, till he was summoned to preside over the see of Iconium in Lycaonia, or Pisidia, A. D. 373-4. St. Basil's Congratulatory Epistle on the occasion is extant. (Ep. 393, al. 161, vol. iii. p. 251, ed. Bened.) He soon after paid St. Basil a visit, and persuaded him to undertake his work "On the Holy Ghost" (vol. iii. p. 1), which he finished A. D. 375-6. St. Basil's Canonical Epistles are addressed to St. Amphilochius (l.c. pp. 268, 290, 324, written A. D. 374, 375). The latter had received St. Basil's promised book on the Divinity of the Holy Ghost, when in A. D. 377 he sent a synodical letter (extant, ap. Mansi's Concilia. vol. iii. p. 505) to certain bishops, probably of Lycia, infected with, or in danger of, Macedonianism. The Arian persecution of the church ceased on the death of Valens (A. D. 378), and in 381, Amphilochius was present at the Oecumenical Council of Constantinople. While there, he signed, as a witness, St. Gregory Nazianzen'
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Arsa'cidae (search)
isoner. He escaped with a body of light cavairy, and swimming across the Euphrates, arrived safely in Armenia in spite of an ardent pursuit. He continued to show himself a friend of the Romans, but Valens distrusted him and resolved upon his death. Trajanus, a Roman dux, or general, executed the emperor's secret order. He invited Para to a banquet, and when the guests were half intoxicated, a band of Roman soldiers rushed in, and Para and his attendents were slain after a brave resistance, A. D. 374 or 377. The Armenian name of Para is Bab. (Amm. Marc. 27.12, 30.1.) Arsaces Iv. (V. of Vaillant), the son of Para or Bab. According to Vaillant, he was the nephew of Para, being the son of one Arsaces (IV. of Vaillant), who was the brother of Para; this opinion has been adopted by distinguished historians, but it seems untenable. Arsaces IV. reigned a short time together with his brother Valarsces or Wagharshag, who died soon. In a war against an usurper, Waraztad, the son of Anob, who
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Para (search)
stance of the Romans. Para was a tyrant. Misled by the intrigues of Sapor, he killed Cylaces and Artabanus, two of his chief ministers. As Valens was dissatisfied with the conduct of the Armenian king, Terentius persuaded him to go to Cilicia, pretending that the emperor wished to have an interview with him. When Para arrived at Tarsus, he was treated with due respect, but so closely watched as to be little better than a prisoner. He escaped with a body of light cavairy, and swimming across the Euphrates, arrived safely in Armenia in spite of an ardent pursuit. He continued to show himself a friend of the Romans, but Valens distrusted him and resolved upon his death. Trajanus, a Roman dux, or general, executed the emperor's secret order. He invited Para to a banquet, and when the guests were half intoxicated, a band of Roman soldiers rushed in, and Para and his attendents were slain after a brave resistance, A. D. 374 or 377. The Armenian name of Para is Bab. (Amm. Marc. 27.12, 30.1.)
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), (search)
r Singidunum, now Belgrade, on the borders of Pannonia and Maesia. Maximus refused to give up his body to his brother Valentinian for burial; but subsequently, probably on the overthrow of Maximus, it was removed and interred at Milan. Sozomen and Socrates, followed by Theophanes, describe the stratagem by which Andragathius succeeded in killing him, and though their story is improbable enough, it perhaps originated in some treachery actually employed. Gratian was twice married. 1. About A. D. 374 or 375, to Flavia Maxima Constantia, daughter of the emperor Constantius II., by whom he appears to have had a son, of whom nothing is known. Constantia died about six months before her husband. 2. To Laeta, of whom little is known, and who survived him. (Amm. Marc. 27.6, 28.1, 29.6, 30.10, 31.9, 10; Aurel. Vict. Epit. 100.45, 47, 48; Oros. 7.32, 33, 34; Zosim. 6.12, 19, 24, 34, 35, 36; Zonar. 13.17; Marcellin. Prosper Aquit., Prosper Tiro, Chronica; Idatius, Chronicon and Fasti ; Theophan
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), (search)
Grego'rius Nazianze'nus the elder, was bishop of Nazianzus in Cappadocia for about forty-five years, A. D. 329-374, and father of the celebrated Gregory Nazianzen. He was a person of rank, and he held the highest magistracies in Nazianzus without increasing his fortune. In religion, he was originally a hypsistarian, a sect who derived their name from their acknowledgment of one supreme God (u(/yistos), and whose religion seems, from what little is known of it, to have been a sort of compound of Judaism and Magianism with other elements. He was converted to Christianity by the efforts and prayers of his wife Nonna, aided by a miraculous dream, and by the teaching of certain bishops, who passed through Nazianzus, on their way to the council of Nicaea, A. D. 325. His baptism was marked by omens, which were soon fulfilled in his elevation to the see of Nazianzus, about A. D. 329. He governed well, and resisted Arianism. His eldest son, Gregory, was born after he became bishop. In 360 he
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Hypa'tius (search)
Hypa'tius brother of Eusebia, wife of the emperor Constantius II. His father had been consul, but he cannot be identified by name. Hypatius was consul A. D. 359, and his brother Eusebius was his colleague. Both were put to the torture, fined, and banished, by Valens, A. D. 374, on a charge of aspiring to the empire; but the charge was found to be destitute of proof, and they were soon honourably recalled. Hypatius was praefectus urbi (at Rome) A. D. 379; and praefectus praetorio apparently in Italy (or rather, he was one of several who held that office conjointly), in A. D. 382 and 383. He was a correspondent of Gregcry Nazianzen (Epist. 192, or in Caillau's edit. 96), and is mentioned with high praise by Ammianus, with whom he appears to have been on terms of friendship. (Amm. Marc. 18.1, 21.6, 29.2; Greg. Nazianz. Opera, vol. ii. p. 81, ed. Paris, 1840; Cod. Theodos. 11. tit. 16.13, 15. tit. 36.26; 12. tit. 1.99, 100, et alibi; Gothofred, Prosop. Cod. Theod.; Ducange, Famil. Byzant
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), (search)
hless a character. They also distinguish him from the Maximus to whom Basil the Great addressed a letter (Ep. 41, editt. vett. 9, ed. Benedict. vol. iii. p. 90, ejusd. edit. p. 127, ed. Benedict. alterae, Paris, 1839) in terms of the highest respect, discussing some doctrinal questions, and soliciting a visit from him; but they are not successful in either case. However, the Maximus Scholasticus, to whom Basil also wrote (Ep. 42, editt. vett. 277, ed. Benedict.), was a different person. In A. D. 374, during the reign of the emperor Valens, in the persecution carried on by Lucius, Arian patriarch of Alexandria [LUCIUS No. 2], Maximus was cruelly scourged, and banished to the Oasis, on account of his zeal for orthodoxy and the promptitude with which he succoured those who suffered in the same cause (Gregor. Nazianz. Orat. 25.100.13, 14). He obtained his release in about four years (Ib.,) probably on the death of Valens; and it was perhaps soon after his release that he presented to the
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Phoeba'dius (search)
Phoeba'dius bishop of Agen, in Southwestern Gaul, about the middle of the fourth century. He was an eager champion of orthodoxy, but at the council of Ariminum, in A. D. 359, was entrapped, along with Servatio, a Belgian bishop, by the artifices of the prefect Taurus, into signing an Arian confession of faith, which, upon discovering the fraud, he openly and indignantly abjured. He subsequently took an active part in the council of Valence, held in A. D. 374, and, as we learn from Jerome, lived to a great age. Works Contra Arianos Liber One work unquestionably composed by Phoebadius has descended to us, entitled Contra Arianos Liber, a tract written about A. D. 358, in a clear, animated, and impressive style for the purpose of exposing the errors contained in a document well known in ecclesiastical history as the Second Sirmian Creed, that is, the Arian Confession of Faith, drawn up by Potamius and Hosius, and adopted by the third council of Sirmium, in 357, in which the word
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