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Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), L. (search)
was £ 86,977 17 s. 7 d. Tour de Cordnan (section). The Tour de Corduan is the most magnificent lighthouse of modern times. It is situated on a rock at the month of the Gironde, one of the most important rivers of France. This tower is 182 1/2 English feet in hight, and is built in the Ornante Renaissance style of the period. It was commenced under the reign of Henry II., in 1584, and finished in that of Henry IV., in 1610. The architect was Louis Le Foix. The commercial city of Bordeaux is situated upon the river 70 miles from its mouth, and at the time the lighthouse was built it had another special value, as it was a part of the projected chain of watercourses connecting the Bay of Biscay with the Mediterranean. This was effected shortly afterward by the canal of Languedoc, which is 150 miles in length, and unites the Garonne with the Mediterranean. The island rock on which the tower is built is dry only at low water, at which time a surface of 1,500 x 3,000 feet of
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), P. (search)
red. II.) and 1300. The Arabian physician Abdollatiph, who visited Egypt in 1200, says that the mummy-cloths (linen) were habitually used to make wrapping-paper for the shop-keepers. The linen paper of the thirteenth century had the waterlines and water-mark. One specimen had a tower. The earliest manuscript on linen paper known to be English bears date fourteenth year of Edward III., 1320. The first water-mark, a ram's head, is found in a book of accounts belonging to an official of Bordeaux, which was then subject to England, dated 1330. It has been claimed that linen paper was made in England as early as 1330, though it is supposed that no linen paper was made in Italy previous to 1367. In 1390, Ulman Strother established a paper-mill at Nuremberg in Bavaria, operated by two rollers, which set in motion eighteen stampers. This indicates the process of pulping the fiber by beating, which continued in use for nearly four centuries. This was the first paper-mill known to ha
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), R. (search)
Manchester, England36.2 Bath, England30.0 Truro, England44.0 Cambridge, England24.9 York, England23 Borrowdale, England141.54 Dublin, Ireland29.1 Cork, Ireland40.2 Limerick, Ireland35 Armagh, Ireland36.12 Aberdeen, Scotland28.87 Glasgow, Scotland21.33 Bergen, Norway88.61 Stockholm20.4 Copenhagen18.35 Berlin23.56 Mannheim22.47 Prague14.1 Cracow13.3 Brussels28.06 Paris22.64 Geneva31.07 Milan38.01 Rome30.86 Naples29.64 Marseilles23.4 Lisbon27.1 Coimbra Port118.8 Bordeaux34.00 Algiers36.99 St Petersburg17.3 Simpheropol, Crimea14.83 Kutais (E shore of Black Sea）59.44 Bakou (S of Caspian)13.38 Ekatherinburg, Ural Mts.14.76 Barnaoul, Siberia11.80 Pekin, China26.93 Canton, China69.30 Singapore, Malacca97 Sierra Leone, Africa86.2 Uttray Mullay, India267.2 Madras, India44.6 Calcutta, India76.4 Cherrapoonjee, India592 Khasia, India610 Raised up-on′. （Shipbuilding.) Having the upper works hightened; the opposite of razeed. Rais′er.
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), S. (search)
s substituted. Of the same description also are the moored crates of timber, through whose interstices the water passes, the timbers breaking the force of the waves. See breakwater. Of the second description are the dikes of Holland and of France. These are sea-walls, and belong to this article Sea-walls. Of the third description are groins or timber erections, which are common on the sandy coasts of England and France. See groin. The works of Bremontier in the Landes of Bordeaux are also of this character, though they are rather those of the planter than the constructor. His devices were eminently worthy of the engineer on the principle of Leupold's maxim, — Artis est naturam imitare. Of the fourth description are the solid breakwaters of Plymouth, Cherbourg, Cette, at the mouth of the Delaware, Buffalo, and elsewhere. Sea-walls are made in many places to protect harbors or to save the land from encroachment. When faced with coursed masonry, they may hav