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Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), B. (search)
. Boat-bridges, in a military point of view, are classed as ponton-bridges, the pontons or bateaux and the road-bed being transported on wagons with the army, and thrown across streams as necessity may occur. The bateaux are moored to ropes secured to trees or other safe objects on the respective sides of the river. See Ponton-bridge. Boat-car. A car adapted for transporting boats up and down inclined planes. The Morris and Essex Canal in the State of New Jersey leads from Jersey City, on the Hudson, to Easton, on the Delaware, and connects these two rivers. The breadth at the water-line is 32, and at the bottom 16 feet, and the depth is 4 feet. It is 101 miles in length, and is said to have cost $3,000,000. It is peculiar as being the only canal in America in which the boats are moved from different levels by means of inclined planes instead of locks. The whole rise and fall on the Morris Canal is 1,557 feet, of which 223 feet are overcome by locks, and the remainin
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), C. (search)
care, or other circumstances. For melting steel they will run from four to six times, and longer by a systematic cleaning the slag from the surface after each melting, and coating the crucible with a mixture consisting of fire-clay, graphite, charcoal, and pure fine quartz sand. In handling crucibles the tongs should fit so as not to bend them in lifting from the fire, as the frequent bending will crack the crucibles before they are worn out. Crucibles are made at the Dixon Works, Jersey City, New Jersey, of all sizes, from those that hold but two ounces up to six hundred pounds capacity. Covers are made for all sizes. Retorts of all shapes and chemical ware are also made of the crucible mixture. It will stand a very high heat, but is wasted by most fluxes. At the mints large crucibles are used, and dippers are made of the same material, with which the metal is ladled out. Stirrers are also made with which to stir up the liquid metal. The crucibles are sized by figures de
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), D. (search)
unds of a cubic foot of water (62.5), and the height in feet to which the water was raised for delivery (174.82); and dividing this product by the number of hundreds of pounds of coal consumed per hour (4), the duty was 77,358,478. As reduced to the actual delivery of water, in the reservoir, it was 76,386,262 and 76,584,894 by the two methods respectively. The following is the duty officially given for the engines cited: — Brooklyn, No. 1, double-acting beam60,140,700 Belleville (Jersey City), Cornish62,823,300 Hartford (3 experiments), crank58,779,300 to 64,669,400 Brooklyn, No. 3, double-acting beam72,000,000 Cambridge (2 experiments), Worthington double-cylinder, not duplex66,941,100 to 67,574,600 Spring Garden (Philadelphia), Cornish58,905,300 The dity or useful effect of the Cornish pumpingengine has been more closely observed and recorded than that of any other engine. The duty is reported monthly, and is reduced to tabulated form, from which the yearly report
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), G. (search)
crucibles since the tenth century, but was not generally adopted till the foliated variety was utilized, in 1827, by an American, — the late Mr. Joseph Dixon of Jersey City. It was early adopted for crayons, and was found in use by the Aztecs when Cortez landed in Mexico. It is indispensable in the graphic arts, in the form of wh well known. But recently the fine graphite found at Ticonderoga, in the State of New York, has been utilized for this purpose by the Dixon Crucible Company of Jersey City, and a fine quality of pencils produced, —the company having been awarded the Medal of Progress for them by the Vienna Universal Exposition, 1873. Graphite ihese points are taken from the manuscript of a work on graphite, now in course of preparation, by Orestes Cleveland, President of the Dixon Crucible Company, of Jersey City. Graph-om′e-ter. A surveying instrument for taking angles. A demicircle. Graph′o-type. A process invented by Hitchcock, in which a zinc plate is c
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), K. (search)
2. Time, 30 minutes or more. c. Linseed-oil, 2; petroleum, 1; crude turpentine, 1/2; sulphur, 4. Time, 35 minutes. Kerite-wire. Wire used in telegraphy, insulated by a covering of kerite. Kern. 1. (Printing.) The part of a letter which overhangs the shank. It occurs more frequently in italic than in Roman: jolly old fag embraces the kerned letters of an italic font. 2. (Milling.) A hand-mill for grain. See Quern. Ker′sey. （Fabric.) A probable corruption of Jersey, whence it came. A coarse ribbed cloth made from wool of long staple. Ker-sey-mere′. （Fabric.) A light woolen twilled goods with an oil finish, for men's wear. Named from Kersey, in Yorkshire, England. Cassimere. Ker-sey-nette′. （Fabric.) A thin woolen cloth. Cassinette. Ketch. （Vessel.) An almost obsolete form of two-masted vessel, carrying a tall, square-rigged main-mast forward, and a shorter fore-and-aft rigged mizzen abaft. Being a favorite form of
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), L. (search)
are prepared from the dust and other refuse, ground fine and mixed with a kind of fine clay and water, into a paste which is placed in a receiver having an orifice at bottom, of the size and shape of the core. This is cut into proper lengths, straightened, dried at a moderate heat, and afterward baked in close crucibles, when they are ready for insertion into the cases. See graphite. America now makes its own pencils. See description of the method pursued at the Dixon Pencil Works, Jersey City, under pencil. Lead—pipe. The use of lead-pipes for conducting water is very ancient. Those of the Romans, used in their aqueducts, were made out of sheets 10 feet long, and a width proportioned to the diameter required, and averaging about 15 pounds to the square foot. The lead was brought from Britain, and beaten into sheets by heavy hammers. — Pliny. Lead-pipe making. A sheet 100 inches wide made a pipe weighing 120 pounds to the foot; and would be about 30 inches diamet
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), M. (search)
ica, where a tower of this description was taken by an English naval force in 1794, after a prolonged resistance. The capacity for defense excited so much surprise and admiration, that numerous towers were planted along the English, Irish, and Jersey coasts, in anticipation of the invasion of Napoleon I. The tower is usually about 40 feet in hight, having two stories, and a shell-proof roof with a 4 1/2-foot parapet. The walls are 5 1/2 feet thick; the lower story is for stores, magazine,2 Detroit17.3 To which may be added, — Worthington duplex engine, Newark, N. J.76.6 Brooklyn, N. Y., double-acting beam, No. 160.1 Brooklyn, N. Y., double-acting beam, No. 3.72.0 Philadelphia, Spring Garden, Cornish58.9 Belleville, Jersey City, Cornish62.8 Hartford, Conn.; crank. Mean of three experiments61.7 Cambridge, Mass.; double-cylinder. (Mean)67.2 In considering the above, it must be recollected that the quality of coal varies, and the bushel may vary in weight; calcu
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), P. (search)
ed shape from a mass like dough, and baking it to the requisite hardness for use. All the pencils now made in any part of the world are made by Conteas process. The following is the method employed by Mr. Cleveland, of the Dixon Company, at Jersey City, in the production of Dixon's American graphite pencils : — The graphite is purified by various means, according to the nature of the foreign matter it may contain. Ticonderoga graphite ground fine in water is treated with sulphuric and nii-thogra-phy. A mode of producing by photographic means designs upon stone, from which impressions may be obtained in the ordinary lithographic press. Indications of efforts in this direction may be credited to the late Joseph Dixon of Jersey City, and to Lewis of Dublin, about 1841. Dixon's attempt was analogous to Poitevin's process, as described hereafter, and Lewis's was an ingenious modification of the daguerreotype process, in which a thin surface of silver applied to an underlyi
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), T. (search)
he aid of this machine, covered a wire with gutta-percha, which was laid between New York and Jersey City. Telegraphs of wire coated in this way were extensively introduced into Prussia in 1847-4801,000 1857*Portland, England, to Alderney6960 1857*Alderney to Guernsey1744 1857*Guernsey to Jersey1560 1857Ceylon to Hindostan3045 1857Ceylon to Hindostan3040 1858*Italy to Sicily840 1858Engl to Gottland6470 1859Folkestone, England, to Boulogne, France2430 1859Malta to Sicily6075 1859Jersey to Pirou, France2110 1859*Otranto, Italy, to Aviano, Turkey50400 1859*Ceuta, Africa, to Algesiavia55722 1870Malta to Alexandria, Egypt9041,440 1870Batabano, Cuba, to Santiago, Cuba520 1870Jersey to Guernsey1632 1870Guernsey to Alderney1830 1870Santa Maura to Ithaca7180 1870Zante to Trepi160 1870Patras, Greece, to Lepanto220 1870Dartmouth, England, to Guernsey6658 1870Guernsey to Jersey1532 1870Porto Rico to St. Thomas11022 1870Santiago, Cuba, to Jamaica140 1870Portpatrick, Scot
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), W. (search)
more40 gallons daily to each person. Chicago75 gallons daily to each person. Boston60 gallons daily to each person. Cincinnati60 gallons daily to each person. Albany80 gallons daily to each person. Detroit83 gallons daily to each person. Jersey City99 gallons daily to each person. Buffalo61 gallons daily to each person. Cleveland40 gallons daily to each person. Columbus30 gallons daily to each person. Montreal, Canada55 gallons daily to each person. Toronto77 gallons daily to each ped cuts it will supersede the flat-bed presses. The Walter press is described and illustrated at page 1667, Fig. 3641. The Bullock press at page 1667, Figs. 3642, 3643. The Victory, page 1797, Fig. 3951. The Campbell is running on a Jersey City newspaper, but is not illustrated in this book, not having been received in time. In the Hoe web perfecting-press (Fig. 7137), the paper is printed from a roll containing a length of over four miles and a half, — equal to 10,000 papers. Th