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Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight) 93 1 Browse Search
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Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), A. (search)
ts hardness and color. Mr. Donkin proposes the addition of nickel. Dr. Ure suggests antimony. The addition of from two to four per cent of iron to the gun-metal is claimed to make an extremely tough alloy. See gun-metal; bronze. Sir J. Gardiner Wilkinson mentions finding a bronze chisel among the chippings of the limestone rocks in the neighborhood of Thebes, where it had been accidentally left by the workmen in ancient times. It is 9 1/4 inches in length, diameter at the summit 1 inchs and pneumatic dispatch pass. Access to be had to the various levels by ramps and staircases. Arc′bou-tant. An arched buttress forming a lateral support for the foot or haunch of another arch. Arch. The antiquity of the arch, says Wilkinson, is traced to the time of Amunoph I., who reigned 1540 B. C. He also thinks it probable that the chambers of the brick Pyramids at Memphis, erected by the successor of the son of Cheops, would prove to be vaulted over with arches, which would
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), B. (search)
. The framework in the accompanying cut is made from the sticks of the palm-branch; so says Wilkinson. It, and other structures similarly made, are known by the general name of kaffass. The bedstSixth and and Ninth Legions. Of the Egyptian bricks, the following proportions are given by Wilkinson: — A brick of Thothmes III.One of Amounopt III. (in British Museum).One from the Pyramid odobes. The business of brick-making is believed to have been a royal monopoly in Egypt, and Wilkinson states that more bricks are found in Egypt with the stamp of Thothmes III. than of any other rary of Sennacherib and Tirhakah, about 700 B. C. Four pyramids of this material, according to Wilkinson, still remain in Lower Egypt, independent of several smaller ones at Thebes. Two are close to, the Saxon bullet. e e, the Baden modification of the Minie, with tinned iron cup. f f, Wilkinson's bullet. g g, Whitworth's hexagonal bullet. h h, Lancaster's bullet. i i, Mefford's
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), C. (search)
ut we must be content with referring the reader to Wilkinson's Customs of the ancient Egyptians, and to the magNo double traces are noticed. Egyptian chariot (Wilkinson). The accompanying cut shows the war-chariot wintings in Egypt. See hearse. Fig. 1253, from Wilkinson, represents an ancient Scythian car actually found minarets of Cairo. Egyptian clod-crusher (from Wilkinson). One form of clod-crusher consists of a seriel'egypte, made under the auspices of Napoleon, and Wilkinson's work on the manners and customs of the ancient E c d, fig. 1382. The same currency, we learn from Wilkinson, is in use in Senaar and the neighboring countriesps is an acquired country, the gift of the river. Wilkinson contradicts the statement, very unreasonably. Ifeet per mile. The Nile deposit is estimated by Wilkinson, at Elephantine, as equal to nine feet in 1700 yeaThe cylindrical return-flue boiler was patented by Wilkinson in 1799. Cylindrical lens. Cy-lin′dri-cal le
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), G. (search)
f Virginia and North Carolina, yield this metal. Gold operations in Egypt, 1700 B. C. The principal supplies of gold in the land of Egypt were derived from the gold mines in the desert of the Upper Country. Their position, according to Wilkinson, is still known to the Arabs, and is about southeast from Bahayreh, a village opposite the town of Edfou, at a distance of ten days journey. The gold lies in veins of quartz in the rocks bordering an inhospitable valley and its adjacent ravinenner, and the meal escaped at the space between the stones at the outer margin of their effective faces, as shown at Fig. 2315. Such a mill was the quern, common in Italy and Britain in Roman times and since. The ancient Egyptian mills, says Wilkinson, were of simple and rude construction. They consisted of two circular, horizontal stones, nearly flat; the lower one fixed, while the upper one, called the rekkab, or rider, in Arabic and Hebrew, turned on a pivot or shaft rising from the cent
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), H. (search)
horse a single trace on the side towards the chariot, still more primitive customs were adopted in other lands and at a later date. Egyptian car-saddles (from Wilkinson). In England and Ireland, horses were sometimes hitched to the plows by their tails, a barbarous custom that existed in Ireland, as late as 1634, for an act erected on the barren land outside of cultivation have now a depth of many feet of soil around their bases. Many of the sites of antiquity are now buried. (See Wilkinson.) The amount of land inundated by the Nile is about 5,626 square miles (average). This does not include the river and lakes. Harrows bore the same part in theis hind or fore feet are lashed while shoeing. 2. (Lathe.) A movable support for varying the gearing and the velocity of the screw which moves the slide. Wilkinson's anvil. Calk-swaging anvil. Horse′shoe-an′vil. One which corresponds in shape and size to the hoof of a horse, and has shanks which permit its adjustme
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), K. (search)
h prevents the revolution of the wheel thereon, but permits longitudinal motion, is called a spline. See spline; feather. 2. A spanner or wrench by which to turn a coupling-piece. 3. A portable instrument for shooting the bolt of a lock. Keys. The locks of Egypt were sliding bolts, moving in keepers attached to the doors, and were probably moved from the outside by keys, somewhat similar to that shown in the illustration c, which is an ancient iron key brought from Egypt by Wilkinson. Ancient iron keys have been found at Thebes, and are preserved in the British Museum. They are from 1 3/4 inches to 5 inches long. See lock. We read also in Judges III. 23-25, that Ehud went forth through the porch and shut the doors of the parlor upon him and locked them, and his servants .... took a key, and opened them. The modern key of Mosul, in the vicinity of what remains of the ancient Nineveh, is a long bar of wood, with two projections towards the end about a foot in l
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), L. (search)
el plate or whirtle is held in a cross-bearer above the bench. This mode is shown at g. Fig. 2857, and is described in Wilkinson's specification, English patent, 1790. Instead of the plate, a series of rolls may be employed, gradually diminishinesh, and shall be girded with a linen girdle, and with the linen miter shall he be attired; these are holy garments. Wilkinson states that the ancient Egyptian linen is far superior to the finest modern in general quality and the evenness of the t was check or plain. The shuttle was not usual, but the filling was pushed through the shed by a stick or hooked rod. Wilkinson says that some of the colored patterns of the Egyptian cloths were worked by the loom; and others are the result of dyeneous collection of curiosities. A specimen of an ancient Egyptian rug in the possession of Mr. Hays is described by Wilkinson as made of woolen threads on linen strings, having a central figure in white on a green ground, a border of red and blu
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), M. (search)
ly represent the operation. One man appears to have a pan of the crude material in his hand and to be about to tip it into his mortar. In another place two men are using the pestles, giving alternate blows. Another man is sifting the stuff, whatever it is. Overhead is a piece of perforated metal which gives an indication of the nature of the process. The pestles are of metal, the mortars of granite, scooped out to about half its depth. The public practice of this industry is stated by Wilkinson to continue to this day. The upward growth of the soil of Egypt by the deposits of the Nile has no doubt hidden thousands of these heavy tools, which were too heavy to move and had nothing in them to tempt the predatory bands by which that unfortunate country has been overrun at and since the time of Cambyses. The mortar and pestle probably constitute the original appliance for grinding grain. In many parts of the United States, and doubtless in foreign countries, remain many la
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), N. (search)
y see fit not to grant the Greeks rain, but shall afflict them with a long drought, the Greeks will be swept away by a famine, since they have nothing to rely on but rain from Jove, and have no other resource for water. — Herodotus, II.13. Wilkinson, very unreasonably as it would appear, combats the idea of Herodotus, and states that the rise at Memphis has always averaged about 16 cubits; say 40 at Assouan, 36 at Thebes, 25 at Cairo, and 4 at the mouth of the river. See Wilkinson's HerodWilkinson's Herodotus, Am. ed., 2d Vol., pp. 252 – 254. In the time of Pliny 12 cubits were a famine, 13 a scarcity, 15 was safety, 16 plenty. At the present day, 18 cubits is the lowest, and at this hight the canals are cut and distribution commences; 19 cubits are tolerable, 20 adequate, 21 excellent, 22 abundant, and 24 ruinous, as invading the houses and stores of the country. The nilometer at Cairo has been erected for many centuries, but it is not nearly so ancient as that at Elephanta, which consi
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), P. (search)
trings. c is a drawing from a painting in Thebes, showing the use of the invention. d is a square lyre from a painting in Herculaneum, the figure holding a plectrum. e is a bow-shaped twelve-stringed harp, from an Egyptian painting copied by Wilkinson f is from an Egyptian picture representing a figure playing on a harp with triangular frame and perpendicular strings. (See harp, for cut of Bruce's harpers.) g is a medieval cithara. h is a psalterium, from an illuminated Ms. of the fourteenent Etruscan plow, for instance, was probably as good an implement as the one now used by the peasantry of the Arno, — the same territory. In Fig. 3822, a is a group from Beni-Hassan, and of about the date of Osirtasen, who is considered by Wilkinson to be contemporary with Joseph; he who stored grain during the seven years when the Nile exceeded its usual hight; when Osiris came forth with more than wonted vigor and spread beyond the usual cultivated area. The group has three men; the oxe
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