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Browsing named entities in a specific section of Cambridge History of American Literature: volume 2 (ed. Trent, William Peterfield, 1862-1939., Erskine, John, 1879-1951., Sherman, Stuart Pratt, 1881-1926., Van Doren, Carl, 1885-1950.). Search the whole document.

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William Emerson (search for this): chapter 2.14
his native egotism, as he frankly calls what Emerson would probably have softened to self-reliancectetus, the Hebrew and the Hindoo bibles, and Emerson, and loafed on the shores of Coney Island, ti, no doubt, in The two Rivulets (1876). If Emerson's American scholar address was the intellectue writings of Blake, the prose of Carlyle and Emerson, and his own impassioned declamation all assiated; but a highly congratulatory letter from Emerson, who evidently recognized in Whitman the discOf this patent and confessed indebtedness to Emerson, who had brought the simmering pot of Whitman no cause to feel ashamed; for though lacking Emerson's sanity and mature idealism, he had a greatef Whitman was, as he said, a child, very old, Emerson was a man, very young. It was almost as if twas widening the circle of his acquaintance. Emerson not only called on him frequently when in thebeing dismissed from a government clerkship. Emerson had urged Whitman to be more tactful and worl
James Russell Lowell (search for this): chapter 2.14
withstanding the jealous objections of her husband. Much remains for painstaking research to accomplish. This chapter attempts to set forth only the facts of his biography which are well established or establishable. Born in the same year as Lowell, Whitman may be said to represent the roots and trunk of democracy, while Lowell may be likened to its flowers or fruits. Whitman, for his part, could hardly have been, or wished to be, a flower; it was not in his ancestry, his education, or hisLowell may be likened to its flowers or fruits. Whitman, for his part, could hardly have been, or wished to be, a flower; it was not in his ancestry, his education, or his environment. Blending in his own nature the courage, the determination, and the uncompromising Puritan idealism of good, if somewhat decadent, English ancestry with the placid slowness, This description does not allow for a high temper, displayed on occasion, which Whitman seems to have inherited from his father. selfesteem, stubbornness, and mysticism of better Dutch (and Quaker) ancestry, Walt Shortened from Walter to distinguish the son from his father, but not used in connection with
Robert Buchanan (search for this): chapter 2.14
of his literary executors under the appropriate title Calamus. But this comfortable and congenial life was destined to a sudden end. Just when Whitman was beginning to make literary friends abroad—Rudolf Schmidt in Denmark, Freiligrath in Germany, Madame Blanc in France, Edward Dowden in Ireland, and in England William Rossetti, Swinburne, Swinburne, who had in Songs before Sunrise hailed Whitman as a new force in literature, considerably retracted his praise in later publications. Robert Buchanan, Roden Noel, John Addington Symonds, Tennyson, and Anne Gilchrist—and when he was beginning to become somewhat favourably known abroad through Rossetti's expurgated selection, Poems by Walt Whitman (1868), and through fragmentary translations in Continental countries, an attack of paralysis (January, 1873) compelled him first to suspend and finally to give up his clerical work. Taking his savings, enough to tide him over the first few years of invalidism, he went to live with his broth
Dante (search for this): chapter 2.14
any rate Whitman was probably accurate in his statement that he was still in frocks. but Walt, until he went to live in Washington during the Civil War, continued to be more or less under the wholesome influence of the country. Throughout childhood, youth, and earlier manhood he returned to spend summers, falls, or even whole years at various parts of the Island, either as a healthy roamer enjoying all he saw, or as a school-teacher, or as the editor of a country paper, or as a poet reading Dante in an old wood and Shakespeare, Aeschylus, and Homer within sound of the lonely sea, and mewing his strength for the bold flights of his fancy. Perhaps it was a certain disadvantage that while he was thus absorbing and learning to champion the common people, the powerful uneducated persons, among whom he moved on equal terms though not as an equal, he was little thrown, in any influential way, among people of refinement or taste. In his old age nobility and common humanity jostled each ot
Democratic Vistas (search for this): chapter 2.14
fore had found such full and beautiful expression. Partly, at least, as a result of his hospital service his magnificent health was lost, and the last twenty years of his life were those of a paralytic cripple. Whitman's poetic power was still at its height. Drum-Taps, —the poetic complement to Specimen days and The Wound-Dresser,—a booklet charged with the pathos and the spirituality of the war, was published in 1865, with the profoundly moving dirge for the martyred Lincoln. In Democratic Vistas (1871) he made use of prose, though with unequal success. This period was also important because of the friendships that it made or fostered. Perhaps the most important was that with William Douglas O'Connor. When, in 1865, Whitman had been employed for several months in the Interior Department under Secretary Harlan, the latter, on learning that he was the author of Leaves of Grass, had him summarily dismissed; then O'Connor came to his friend's defence in a brilliant and passion
John Burroughs (search for this): chapter 2.14
ded a sort of reaction. He sounded all experiences of life, with all their passions, pleasures, and abandonments, John Burroughs, in Notes on Walt Whitman as poet and person, 1867, p. 81. The substance, if not the phrasing, of this indefinite thole clerkship in the Attorney-General's Department. Another close friend and enthusiastic disciple then and later was John Burroughs, who published in 1867 the first biographical and critical study of the poet. An attachment more similar to those of Canada in the following year, and various briefer visits and lecture journeys—now to New York, now to visit his friend Burroughs at his home on the Hudson, now to his own Long Island birthplace, but oftenest to recuperate and to write charming natuavel'd Roads. New friends were made, as faithful as the old. One was Dr. Richard Maurice Bucke, of Canada, who, like Burroughs, hailed the Leaves of Grass as the bible of democracy and wrote (1883) the first comprehensive biography of its author,
Pass (search for this): chapter 2.14
dored as a Messiah but who was in any case a challenge to discussion. Much light is thrown on his character, of course, by the autobiographical parts of his writings; but here it is frequently difficult to determine which incidents belong to his outward and which to his inner, or imaginative, life, so deftly do his vicarious mystical experiences blend with the sublimations of his own deeds, and so carefully have many of those deeds been mystified or concealed. For instance, a poem, Once I Pass'd through a Populous city, taken by many biographers to support the theory that Whitman had a romance with a lady of high social standing during his 1848 visit to New Orleans, proves to have been addressed, in the original draft of the poem, not to a lady but to a rude and ignorant man: on the other hand, the poem Out of the rolling ocean, the crowd, to which no biographer has attached particular personal significance, can be shown to have been addressed, about 1864, to a married woman with w
Shakespeare (search for this): chapter 2.14
land, either as a healthy roamer enjoying all he saw, or as a school-teacher, or as the editor of a country paper, or as a poet reading Dante in an old wood and Shakespeare, Aeschylus, and Homer within sound of the lonely sea, and mewing his strength for the bold flights of his fancy. Perhaps it was a certain disadvantage that whhe allowed to pass unimproved. What is more important, he was growing rapidly in his inner life, as he attended lectures, read miscellaneous magazine articles, Shakespeare, Epictetus, the Hebrew and the Hindoo bibles, and Emerson, and loafed on the shores of Coney Island, timing the new poetry he was composing to the rhythmic beatst where, if anywhere, Whitman found the hint for this flexible prose-poetic form critics have not agreed. Perhaps Biblical prosody, Ossian, the blank verse of Shakespeare and Bryant, the writings of Blake, the prose of Carlyle and Emerson, and his own impassioned declamation all assisted; but full allowance must be made for the u
H. B. Binns (search for this): chapter 2.14
sed. It is doubtful whether the experience brought into his life a great but secret romance, Whitman never married. In old age he confided to John Addington Symonds the information that, though unmarried, he had had six children, from intimate relations with whom he had been prevented by circumstances connected with their fortune and benefit. For a fuller discussion of this confession and the questions arising out of it than is here possible the reader is referred to the biographies by Binns, Perry, Edward Carpenter, Bazalgette, De Selincourt, and Traubel. and it appears certain that he was not by it first made conscious of his mission as a poetic prophet. But the journey did give him a new and permanent respect for the undeveloped possibilities of his country, especially in the South and West, and it gave him opportunities for the study of the French and Spanish elements in New Orleans; while his observation of the South's peculiar institution caused him to remain, though a ra
Thomas B. Harned (search for this): chapter 2.14
. At any rate, the book of which he had dreamed since adolescence and of which he had as early as 1847 A Whitman manuscript notebook in the possession of Thomas B. Harned, one of the poet's friends and literary executors, preserves these earliest known specimens of modern free verse. They are shortly to be published by the pr bible of democracy and wrote (1883) the first comprehensive biography of its author, to set him forth as a mystical saviour of the modem world. Another was Thomas B. Harned, in whose hospitable home the poet met, during these later years, not a few American and foreign notables. A third was Horace Traubel, who until Whitman's dthe English author (then a widow), who through his poetry came to love the man The love-letters of Anne Gilchrist and Walt Whitman are now being edited by Thomas B. Harned and will soon be published. and who later with her children spent two years (1876-1878) in Philadelphia in order to be near him. Assistance of a substantial
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