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or twenty-three thousand infantry, and about eight thousand cavalry. See Appendix for remarks on the subject of Sheridan's numbers in this campaign. On the 21st, Early and Anderson advanced, and on the 22nd, Sheridan fell back as far as Halltown. My position, he said, in front of Charlestown at best was a bad one, and so s had a signal station in the mountains, from which every movement of national troops by day could be observed. Crook was therefore concealed in the forest on the 21st, while the main national line moved up in front of the rebel position. At the same time Torbert, with the greater part of the cavalry, was sent up the Luray valleSherman? If not, please telegraph him. Neither did he forget that his forces on the Shenandoah were co-operating with those on the Potomac and the James. On the 21st, he said to Butler: Further news from Sheridan is better than the first we had. In pursuing the enemy up the Valley, they may be induced to detach from here. Put
nby have command over the Mississippi river and country west of it, I will send a force to the Alabama and Appalachicola . . . and if you will fix a day to be in Savannah, I will insure our possession of Macon and a point on the river below Augusta. This was not different from what Grant had first suggested in his telegram of the 10th of September. But at this moment the whole situation changed as suddenly as the scenery in a theatre. Sherman's letter was dated September 20th, and on the 21st, Hood moved his army from Lovejoy's, where he had remained since the capture of Atlanta, to Palmetto station, on the West Point railroad, twenty-four miles south-west of the national position. From this place, on the 22nd, he announced to Bragg: I shall, unless Sherman moves south, so soon as I can collect supplies, cross the Chattahoochee river, and form line of battle near Powder Springs. This will prevent him from using the Dalton railroad, and force him to drive me off, or move south,
I should undertake to march across Georgia.—Sherman's Memoirs, Vol. II., page 156. Sherman was at Ship's Gap on the 16th and 17th of October. On the 17th, Grant said to Sherman: The moment I know you have started south, stores will be shipped to Hilton Head, where there are transports ready to take them to Savannah. In case you go south, I would not propose holding anything south of Chattanooga, certainly not south of Dalton. Destroy in such case all military stores at Atlanta. On the 21st, he said to Halleck: The stores intended for Sherman might now be started for Hilton Head. But the general-in-chief was at this time even more anxious for the reinforcement of Thomas than for the supply of Sherman, and was ordering all his armies the better to secure this end. As early as the 12th of October, the day after he had authorized Sherman's movement, he said to Halleck: Thomas should be prepared to concentrate a force on Hood, when he presents himself on the Tennessee river. He
confer on Thomas the vacant major-generalcy in the regular army, and the general-in-chief replied: I think Thomas has won the major-generalcy, but I would wait a few days before giving it, to see the extent of damage done. This day Thomas declared If the expedition against Florence be successful, I am confident we shall be able to capture the greater part of Hood's army. I feel the utmost confidence we shall be able to overtake him, before he can reach and cross the Tennessee. But on the 21st, came news of the delay in crossing Duck river, and Halleck now sent a despatch to Thomas without instructions from Grant, but doubtless by order of either the President or the Secretary of War, urging the importance of hot pursuit of Hood's army. Every possible sacrifice should be made, and your men for a few days will submit to any hardships and privations to accomplish the great result. . . A most vigorous pursuit on your part is, therefore, of vital importance. . . No sacrifice must be
eatly underrated Sherman's force, neither estimating it higher than thirty-five thousand. On the 20th, communication was cut between Augusta and Macon, and on the 21st, Fry, the commander at Augusta, reported to the rebel Secretary of War: The enemy are coming towards this place; I can save most of the powder-works and machinery,lt the city during his absence. His return through the network of channels connecting Tybee and Ossabaw sounds was delayed by high winds and ebb tides, and on the 21st, he was met by a messenger from his own Headquarters, with the news that Savannah had been evacuated the night before. Hardee had crossed the river by a pontoon bre than 200 guns and 34,000 bales of cotton. This was the exact inventory of Easton and Barry, but I forget where it can be found. Early on the morning of the 21st, the national skirmishers detected the absence of the enemy, and occupied the lines simultaneously along their whole extent. Savannah, with all its forts, and the
ed to report to Sherman as soon as the latter came within communication. On the 21st, Grant wrote out his full instructions: The first point to be attained, he said,t that no force could be sent to replace that which Cox had destroyed. On the 21st, Cox, still advancing, secured a rebel pontoon bridge, and threatened to cross tordered to occupy it. This last news arrived on the 20th of February, and on the 21st, intelligence came that Fort Anderson was in Schofield's hands. On the 24th, Grshould be moved, in the event of the evacuation of Richmond. Lee replied on the 21st: In the event of the necessity of abandoning our position on the James river, I ther return to this army or go to Sherman, as you deem most practicable. On the 21st, he continued: I do not want to hurry you, and besides fully appreciate the neceimply held his ground, and started his trains to Kinston for supplies. On the 21st, it began to rain, and Sherman remained quiet till noon, when Mower, in Howard's
al-in-chief replied: Twelve days rations. The surrender of Lee occurred on the twelfth day. This was not the only part of his scheme which had been foreshadowed before its accomplishment. The instructions to Sheridan and the dispatches to Sherman during the last days of March laid down almost the exact plan which was followed to the end. On the 16th of March, it will be remembered, Grant said to Sherman: I shall be prepared to pitch into Lee, if he attempts to evacuate the place. On the 21st, he said to Sheridan: There is now such a possibility, if not probability, of Lee and Johnston attempting to unite, that I feel extremely desirous not only of cutting the lines of communication between them, but of having a large and properly commanded cavalry force ready to act, in case such an attempt is made. On the 22nd, he wrote to Sherman: Sheridan's instructions will be to strike the South side broad as near Petersburg as he can, and destroy it so that it can not be repaired for thre
mbus, in Georgia. Both these places were assaulted and captured on the 16th of April, the latter by a gallant night attack, in which Generals Upton and Winslow particularly distinguished themselves. This was the last battle of the war. On the 21st, Macon was surrendered, with sixty field guns, twelve thousand militia-men, and five generals, including Howell Cobb, who had been a member of Buchanan's cabinet, and afterwards rebel governor of Georgia. At Macon, the cavalry career was checked s nobody to defend it, and no defense worthy of the name. In fact, the history of the war after the 9th of April is nothing but an enumeration of successive surrenders. On the 14th of April, Johnston made his first overtures to Sherman; on the 21st, Cobb yielded Macon; on the 4th of May, Richard Taylor surrendered all the rebel forces east of the Mississippi. On the 11th of May, Jefferson Davis, disguised as a woman and in flight, was captured at Irwinsville, Georgia; and on the 26th of the