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Rhode Island (Rhode Island, United States) (search for this): chapter 12
the mechanics, it was accepted by a great majority. The names of the members were then called over, and Patrick Henry, Washington, Richard Henry Lee, Samuel Adams, John Adams, Jay, Gadsden, John Rutledge of South Carolina, the aged Hopkins of Rhode Island, and others, representing eleven colonies, answered to the call. Peyton Randolph, late speaker of the assembly of Virginia, was nominated president by Lynch of Carolina, and was unanimously chosen. The body then named itself the congress, anty, and necessity. We have no coercive authority. Our constituents are bound only Chap. XI.} 1774 Sept. in honor to observe our determinations. I cannot see any way of voting but by colonies, said Gadsden. Every colony, insisted Ward, of Rhode Island, should have an equal vote. The counties of Virginia are unequal in point of wealth and numbers, yet each has a right to send two members to its legislature. We come, if necessary, to make a sacrifice of our all, and by such a sacrifice the
Connecticut (Connecticut, United States) (search for this): chapter 12
same time a friend to his country; and on his nomination, Duche, an Episcopal clergyman, was chosen for the service. Before the adjournment, Putnam's express arrived with the report of a bloody attack on the people by the troops at Boston; of Connecticut as well as Massachusetts rising in arms. The next day muffled bells were tolled. At the opening of congress, Washington was present, standing in prayer, and Henry, and Randolph, and Lee, and Jay, and Rutledge, and Gadsden; and by their side edge, on the contrary, held that allegiance is inalienable; that the first emigrants had not had the right to elect their king; that American claims were derived from the British constitution rather than from the law of nature. But Sherman of Connecticut deduced allegiance from consent, without which the colonies were not bound by the act of settlement. Duane, like Rutledge, shrunk back from the appeal to the law of nature, and founded the power of government on property in land. Behind al
Massachusetts (Massachusetts, United States) (search for this): chapter 12
Chapter 11: The continent Supports Massachusetts. September, 1774. among the members elected to th. The South Carolinians greeted the delegates of Massachusetts as the envoys of freedom herself; and the Virgin the troops at Boston; of Connecticut as well as Massachusetts rising in arms. The next day muffled bells wereempore prayer for America, for the congress, for Massachusetts, and especially for Boston, with the earnestnessresolution of the continent met the delegates of Massachusetts on every hand; and the cry of war was pronouncedn that no officer under the new establishment in Massachusetts ought to be acknowledged, but advocated allowing in New England. One express had brought from Massachusetts the proceedings of Middlesex; another having now, the seventeenth of September, the delegates of Massachusetts laid before congress the address of the Suffolk heir sympathy with their suffering countrymen in Massachusetts, most thoroughly approved the wisdom and fortitu
Carolina City (North Carolina, United States) (search for this): chapter 12
s of Philadelphia offered their plain but spacious hall; and from respect for the mechanics, it was accepted by a great majority. The names of the members were then called over, and Patrick Henry, Washington, Richard Henry Lee, Samuel Adams, John Adams, Jay, Gadsden, John Rutledge of South Carolina, the aged Hopkins of Rhode Island, and others, representing eleven colonies, answered to the call. Peyton Randolph, late speaker of the assembly of Virginia, was nominated president by Lynch of Carolina, and was unanimously chosen. The body then named itself the congress, and its chairman the president. Jay and Duane would have selected a secretary from among the members themselves, but they found no support; and on the motion of Lynch, Charles Thomson was appointed without further opposition. The measures that were to have divided America bound them closely together. Colonies differing in religious opinions and in commercial interests, in every thing dependent on climate and labor, in
Gadsden (Alabama, United States) (search for this): chapter 12
he mem- Chap. XI.} 1774. Sept. bers of congress, meeting at Smith's tavern, moved in a body to select the place for their deliberations. Galloway, the speaker of Pennsylvania, would have had them use the State House, but the carpenters of Philadelphia offered their plain but spacious hall; and from respect for the mechanics, it was accepted by a great majority. The names of the members were then called over, and Patrick Henry, Washington, Richard Henry Lee, Samuel Adams, John Adams, Jay, Gadsden, John Rutledge of South Carolina, the aged Hopkins of Rhode Island, and others, representing eleven colonies, answered to the call. Peyton Randolph, late speaker of the assembly of Virginia, was nominated president by Lynch of Carolina, and was unanimously chosen. The body then named itself the congress, and its chairman the president. Jay and Duane would have selected a secretary from among the members themselves, but they found no support; and on the motion of Lynch, Charles Thomson wa
John Rutledge (search for this): chapter 12
r, and Patrick Henry, Washington, Richard Henry Lee, Samuel Adams, John Adams, Jay, Gadsden, John Rutledge of South Carolina, the aged Hopkins of Rhode Island, and others, representing eleven colonie the rest. To the proposal that congress the next day. should be opened with prayer, Jay and Rutledge objected, on account of the great diversity of religious sentiments. I am no bigot, said Samueess, Washington was present, standing in prayer, and Henry, and Randolph, and Lee, and Jay, and Rutledge, and Gadsden; and by their side Presbyterians and Congregationalists, the Livingstons, Shermanhe right to emigrate, and the right of the emigrants to erect what government they pleased. John Rutledge, on the contrary, held that allegiance is inalienable; that the first emigrants had not had from consent, without which the colonies were not bound by the act of settlement. Duane, like Rutledge, shrunk back from the appeal to the law of nature, and founded the power of government on prope
Virginians (search for this): chapter 12
djustment of representation to the opulence of a colony as marked by its exports and imports, he yet himself spoke for a representation of men. Slaves, said he, are to be thrown out of the question; if the freemen can be represented according to their numbers, I am satisfied. To the objection that such a representation would confer an undue preponderance on the more populous states, he replied, British oppression has effaced the boundaries of the several colonies; the distinctions between Virginians, Pennsylvanians, New Yorkers, and New Englanders are no more. I am not a Virginian, but an American. A compound of numbers and property, said Lynch, of South Carolina, should determine the weight of the colonies. But he admitted that such a rule could not then be settled. In the same spirit spoke the elder Rutledge. We have, said he, no legal authority; and obedience to the measures we adopt will only follow their reasonableness, apparent utility, and necessity. We have no coercive
Bland (search for this): chapter 12
put upon his countrymen, as that Virginia should have no greater weight than the smallest colony, they would never be seen at another convention. But his menace of disunion showed only how little he understood the heart of the Ancient Dominion; and he was at once rebuked by his colleagues. Though a representation equal to the importance of each colony, were ever so just, said Richard Henry Lee, the delegates from the several colonies are unprepared with materials to settle that equality. Bland, of Virginia, saw no safety but in voting by colonies. The question, he added, is, whether the rights and liberties of America shall be contended for, or given up to arbitrary power. Pendleton acquiesced, yet wished the subject might be open for reconsideration, when proper materials should have been obtained. This opinion prevailed, and it was resolved that, in taking questions, each colony should have one voice; but the journal adds as the reason, that the congress was not then able
Charles Thomson (search for this): chapter 12
, Jay, Gadsden, John Rutledge of South Carolina, the aged Hopkins of Rhode Island, and others, representing eleven colonies, answered to the call. Peyton Randolph, late speaker of the assembly of Virginia, was nominated president by Lynch of Carolina, and was unanimously chosen. The body then named itself the congress, and its chairman the president. Jay and Duane would have selected a secretary from among the members themselves, but they found no support; and on the motion of Lynch, Charles Thomson was appointed without further opposition. The measures that were to have divided America bound them closely together. Colonies differing in religious opinions and in commercial interests, in every thing dependent on climate and labor, in usages and manners, swayed by reciprocal prejudices, and frequently quarrelling with each other respecting boundaries, found themselves united in one representative body, and deriving from that union a power that was to be felt throughout the civilize
Richard Galloway (search for this): chapter 12
rts Massachusetts. September, 1774. among the members elected to the continental con- Chap. XI.} 1774. Sept. gress, Galloway of Philadelphia was so thoroughly royalist that he acted as a volunteer spy for the British government. To the delegate} 1774. Sept. bers of congress, meeting at Smith's tavern, moved in a body to select the place for their deliberations. Galloway, the speaker of Pennsylvania, would have had them use the State House, but the carpenters of Philadelphia offered their by delegates from North Carolina, and intent upon securing absolute unanimity, was moving with great deliberation, and Galloway hoped Chap. XI.} 1774. Sept. the two parties would remain on an equal balance. But in that body there was a man who knew how to bring the enthusiasm of the people into connection with its representatives. Samuel Adams, wrote Galloway, though by no means remarkable for brilliant abilities, is equal to most men in popular intrigue, and the management of a faction. H
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