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407 AD (search for this): entry constantinus-bio-2
Constanti'nus the tyrant, emperor in Britain, Gaul, and Spain, was a common soldier in the Roman army stationed in Britain in the beginning of the fifth century of our aera, during the reign of the emperor Honorius. In A. D. 407 these troops rebelled, and chose one Marcus emperor, whom they murdered soon afterwards. They then swore obedience to one Gratianus, and having got tired of him, they killed him likewise, and chose one of their comrades, Constantine, in his stead. They had no other motonsequently carried his troops immediately over to Gaul, and landed at Boulogne. This country was so badly defended, that Constantine was recognized in nearly every province before the year had elapsed in which he was invested with the purple. (A. D. 407.) Stilicho, who was commissioned by the emperor Honorius, sent his lieutenant Sarus, a Goth, into Gaul, who defeated and killed Justinian, and assassinated Nervigastes. the two best generals of the usurper. Constantine was besieged by Sarus in
408 AD (search for this): entry constantinus-bio-2
by Sarus in Vienna, now Vienne in Dauphiné; but, assisted by the skill of Edobincus and especially Gerontius, the successors of Justinian and Nervigastes in the command of the army, he defeated the besiegers, and drove them back beyond the Alps. Upon this, he took up his residence at Arelatum, now Arles, and sent his son Constans, whom he created Caesar, into Spain. At the head of the Honoriani, a band of mercenary barbarians, Constans soon established the authority of his father in Spain (A. D. 408), and was rewarded with the dignity of Augustus. In the following year Honorius judged it prudent to acknowledge Constantine as emperor, in order that he might obtain his assistance against the Goths. Constantine did not hesitate to arm for the defence of Honorius, having previously obtained his pardon for the assassination of Didymus (Didymius) and Verinianus (Verenianus), two kinsmen of Honorius, who had been killed by order of Constantine for having defended Spain against his son Cons
411 AD (search for this): entry constantinus-bio-2
manded part of his troops to pursue him; with the other part he continued the siege, as is related under CONSTANTIUS, and afterwards compelled Constantine to surrender on condition of having his life preserved. Constantine and his second son Julian were sent to Italy; but Honorius did not keep the promise made by his general, and both the captives were put to death. The revolt of Constantine is of great importance in the history of Britain, since in consequence of it and the rebellion of the inhabitants against the officers of Constantine, the emperor Honorius gave up all hopes of restoring his authority over that country, and recognized its independence of Rome,--a circumstance that led to the conquest of Britain by the Saxons. (A. D. 411.) (Zosim. lib. v. ult. and lib. vi., the chief source; Oros. 7.40-42; Sozom. 9.11-13; Jornandes, de Reb. Goth. p. 112, ed. Lindenbrog; Sidon. Apoll. Epist. 5.9; Prosper, Chron., Honorio VII. et Theodosio II. Coss, Theodosio Aug. IV. Cons.) [W.P]