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October 3rd (search for this): chapter 14
od's army was arranged in three corps, commanded respectively by Generals Cheatham, Lee, and Stewart. His cavalry under Wheeler, had been re-enforced. Then, convinced that Hood intended to assume the offensive, and, in all probability, attempt to seize Tennessee, Sherman sent Sept. 28. General Thomas, his second in command, to Nashville, to organize the new troops expected to assemble there, and to make preliminary preparations to meet such an event. Thomas arrived at Nashville on the 3d of October. Meanwhile, the Confederates had crossed the Chattahoochee, and by a rapid movement had struck the railway in the vicinity of Big Shanty, not far from Kenesaw, and destroyed it for several miles. At the same time a division of infantry, under General French, pushed northward, and appeared before Allatoona, Oct. 5. where Colonel Tourtellotte, of the Fourth Minnesota, was guarding one million rations with only three thin regiments. Sherman was startled, and moved at once for the defe
October 4th (search for this): chapter 14
nesaw, and destroyed it for several miles. At the same time a division of infantry, under General French, pushed northward, and appeared before Allatoona, Oct. 5. where Colonel Tourtellotte, of the Fourth Minnesota, was guarding one million rations with only three thin regiments. Sherman was startled, and moved at once for the defense of his communications and stores. Leaving Slocum, with the Twentieth Corps, to hold Atlanta and the railroad bridge across the Chattahoochee, he commenced Oct. 4. a swift pursuit of Hood with the Fourth, Four-teenth, Fifteenth, Seventeenth, and Twenty-third Corps, and two divisions of cavalry. On the morning of the 5th, Sherman was at the strong position around Kenesaw, and his signal officers were soon at work upon its summit. Expecting an attack on Allatoona, and knowing the weakness of the garrison there, he had telegraphed (and now signaled) to General Corse, at Rome, to hasten thither with re-enforcements. The order was promptly obeyed, and
July 9th (search for this): chapter 14
er, and constructed a pontoon and a trestle bridge across it. At the same time General Garrard moved on Roswell, and destroyed factories there in which cloth was manufactured for the insurgents. Schofield's position commanded good roads running eastward, and he soon found himself supported by Howard, who laid a pontoon bridge at Power's Ferry, two miles below, crossed over, and took a commanding position on the right of the Army of the Ohio. At the same time there was a general movement July 9. of Sherman's forces from right to left, and thereby Johnston was compelled to abandon his position on each side of the river. He drew his entire army to the left bank of the stream, and took position on a new line that covered Atlanta, its left resting or the Chattahoochee, and its right on Peachtree Creek. On the 10th of July, or sixty-five days from the time he put his army in motion southward, Sherman was master of the country north and west of the river upon which he was resting — of
July 10th (search for this): chapter 14
e at Power's Ferry, two miles below, crossed over, and took a commanding position on the right of the Army of the Ohio. At the same time there was a general movement July 9. of Sherman's forces from right to left, and thereby Johnston was compelled to abandon his position on each side of the river. He drew his entire army to the left bank of the stream, and took position on a new line that covered Atlanta, its left resting or the Chattahoochee, and its right on Peachtree Creek. On the 10th of July, or sixty-five days from the time he put his army in motion southward, Sherman was master of the country north and west of the river upon which he was resting — of nearly one-half of Georgia-and had accomplished one of the major objects of the campaign, namely, the advancement of the National lines from the Tennessee to the Chattahoochee. The possession of Atlanta, the key-point of military advantage in the campaign in that region, was to be the next prize for which the contending armi
16th (search for this): chapter 14
lead the expedition. It was granted, and when Johnston crossed the Chattahoochee and Sherman began maneuvering against Atlanta, the latter telegraphed orders to Rousseau to move. That active officer instantly obeyed. He left Decatur, Alabama, at the head of well-appointed cavalry, on the 10th, July. pushed rapidly southward crossed the Coosa at the Ten Islands, fought and defeated General Clanton, and passing through Talladega, reached the railway twenty-five miles west of Opelika on the 16th, and broke it up to the latter place. He also destroyed several miles of the track of branch railways. Then, turning northward, he reached Marietta on the 22d, with a loss, during the raid, of only about thirty men. On the 20th, the armies had all closed in, converging toward Atlanta. At about four o'clock that day, the Confederates, under Hood, sallied swiftly from their works in heavy force, and struck Hooker's corps, Newton's division of Howard's corps, and Johnson's division of Palm
15th (search for this): chapter 14
the Chattahoochee. The army crossed that stream, destroyed the railroads in and around Atlanta, and, on the 14th of November, 1864. the entire force destined for the great march to the sea was concentrated around that doomed city. The writer; accompanied by his traveling companions already mentioned (Messrs, Dreer and Greble), visited the theater of the Georgia campaign in 1834, from Dalton to Atlanta, in the delightful month of May, 1866. We left Chattanooga early on the morning of the 15th, May, 1866. by railway. After passing through the tunnel at the Missionaries' Ridge, we crossed the Chickamauga River several times before reaching Tunnel Hill, in Rocky Face Ridge. The country in that region was quite picturesque, but utterly desolate in appearance. Over it the great armies had marched, and left the horrid foot-prints of war. At Dalton, a once flourishing Georgia town, where Bragg and Johnston had their quarters for several months, we saw she first terrible effects of th
July 4th (search for this): chapter 14
t bank of the Chattahootchee where the railway crossed it, and there, in the course of a few hours, he caused to be constructed earth-works of sufficient strength to enable a detachment to keep the pursuers at bay until a greater portion of his army should make the passage of the river. He had also an intrenched line at Smyrna camp-meeting ground, five miles from Marietta. There the pursuing Thomas halted, and there Sherman overtook that army, paused, and considered. On the following day July 4 he pushed a heavy skirmish line forward, captured the entire line of Confederate rifle-pits, with some prisoners, and made strong demonstrations toward Turner's Ferry. That night Johnston abandoned his advanced works, and the next morning his whole army was across the Chattahoochee, excepting heavy garrisons for the works covering the bridges. Sherman promptly advanced to the river at several uncovered points, but did not deem it prudent to attack the works of his adversary. Before the
14th (search for this): chapter 14
port; too beautiful to be disturbed by the harsh clamors of war, but the Chattahoochee lay beyond, and I had to reach it. After much planning and maneuvering, and drawing his lines close to those of the Confederates, Sherman made disposition for breaking through those of Johnston between Kenesaw and Pine mountains. Hooker was on the right and, front of his line, Howard on its left and front, and Palmer between it and the railway. Under cover of a heavy cannonade, the advance began on the 14th. June, 1864. The troops pressed over the rugged ground with difficulty, fighting at almost every step, and on the morning of the 15th they found that the Confederates had abandoned Pine Mountain, and taken position on their line of intrenchments between Kenesaw and Lost mountains. At the time of this advance, General Polk, formerly Protestant Episcopal Bishop of the diocese of Louisiana, was killed instantly, by a piece of shell which passed through his body. Polk, Johnston, and Hardee,
October 16th (search for this): chapter 14
ermined to strike Hood in flank, or force him to fight. He was now puzzled by Hood's movements, and knew no better way to force him to develop his designs. General Howard moved to Snake Creek Gap, and skirmished with the Confederates there, for the purpose of holding them while General Stanley, with the Fourth and Fourteenth Corps, should move round to Hood's rear, from Tilton to the vicinity of Villanow. But the Confederates gave way and withdrew to Ship's Gap, and on the following day Oct. 16. Sherman's forces moved directly toward Lafayette, with a view of cutting off Hood's retreat. That leader was watchful, and being in lighter marching order than his pursuer, outstripped and evaded him. Sherman still pressed on and entered the Chattanooga Valley, and on the 19th, his forces were all grouped about Gaylesville, a fertile region in Northern Alabama. Sherman was now satisfied that Hood was simply luring him out of Georgia, and did not intend to fight. He had an army strong
May 7th, 1864 AD (search for this): chapter 14
T. Sherman. mountain barrier known as the Rocky Face Ridge. Through it, at an opening called Buzzard's Roost Gap, See page 242. a small stream flowed and the railway and wagon road passed; but it was so thoroughly fortified that no army could safely attempt the passage. Sherman therefore determined to turn the Confederate position at Dalton, and for that purpose he sought a passage of the great hills at Snake Creek Gap, farther south. To mask that movement, General Thomas menaced May 7, 1864. Johnston's front; but in so doing, he had quite a severe engagement with the Confederates at Buzzard's Roost Gap. He pushed their cavalry well through the pass, and two divisions (Newton's of Howard's [Fourth] corps, and Geary's, of Hooker's [Twentieth] corps) gained portions of the Ridge. But they were soon driven off with considerable loss. Meanwhile, Schofield, with the Army of the Ohio, came down from the north and pressed heavily on Johnston's right; and McPherson, marching rapid
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