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March 5th (search for this): chapter 8
to Vicksburg. The expedition sent to Yazoo City consisted of some gun-boats, under Lieutenant Owen, and a detachment. of troops, under Colonel Osband. They did not then capture the place, but inflicted considerable damage, and returned with a loss of not more than 50 men. Yazoo City was soon afterward occupied by a Union force, composed of the Eighth Louisiana and 200 of the Seventh Mississippi colored troops, and the Eleventh Illinois. They were attacked by a superior force on the 5th of March. A desperate fight ensued. The assailants were finally driven away by some re-enforcements from below, and soon afterward the town was evacuated. The Union loss in this struggle was 130. That of the Confederates was about the same. When General Johnston, then at Dalton, in Northern Georgia (where the railway up from Atlanta forks, the left to Chattanooga and the right to Cleveland), in command of Bragg's army, heard of Sherman's advance on Meridian, and perceived that General Polk
February (search for this): chapter 8
uld neither be just nor gallant to allow the subjugation of a nation like the Confederate States, by such a barbarous, despotic race as are now attempting it. and they beheld with the greatest concern the despondency of their own dupes and victims within the bounds of the Confederacy. It was vitally important to speak to the latter words of encouragement. Truth could furnish none. So Jefferson Davis, equal to the occasion, as usual, issued an address to the troops in the field early in February, and the members of Congress at Richmond put forth a long epistle to the People of the Confederate States, both of which, undeniable facts warrant us in saying were deceptive and untruthful in the highest degree. They were filled with the most artful misrepresentations of events in the past and current history of the war. Davis assured his poor conscripts that they were patriotic volunteers, and that the pulse of the people beat in unison with theirs ; and he compared their spontaneous
May, 1863 AD (search for this): chapter 8
ed Pennsylvania, the Government authorized the enlistment of colored troops in the Free-labor States, as we have observed. See note 1, page 91. Congress speedily authorized July 16, 1863. the President to accept them as volunteers, and prescribed that the enrollment of the militia shall in all cases include all able-bodied male citizens, &c., without distinction of color. Yet opposition to the enlistment of negro soldiers was very strong. It was illustrated by the fact that, when, in May, 1863, the Fifty-fourth (colored) Massachusetts, which performed such gallant acts at Fort Wagner under Colonel Shaw, See page 204. was ready to start for South Carolina, the Superintendent of the Police of New York declared, in answer to a question, that they could not be protected from insult in that city, if they should attempt to pass through it. So they sailed directly from Boston for Port Royal. But there was soon a change of public sentiment on the subject there, a few months later, a
July 16th, 1863 AD (search for this): chapter 8
housands of negroes freed by the President's Proclamation were found in arms. There was a universal prejudice against them. Yet, as the war was assuming vaster proportions, and a draft was found to be inevitable, that prejudice, which had been growing weaker for a long time, gave way entirely, and, when Lee invaded Pennsylvania, the Government authorized the enlistment of colored troops in the Free-labor States, as we have observed. See note 1, page 91. Congress speedily authorized July 16, 1863. the President to accept them as volunteers, and prescribed that the enrollment of the militia shall in all cases include all able-bodied male citizens, &c., without distinction of color. Yet opposition to the enlistment of negro soldiers was very strong. It was illustrated by the fact that, when, in May, 1863, the Fifty-fourth (colored) Massachusetts, which performed such gallant acts at Fort Wagner under Colonel Shaw, See page 204. was ready to start for South Carolina, the Superi
July 1st, 1863 AD (search for this): chapter 8
on account of greatly increased expenditures, there remained a balance of disbursements to the amount of nearly two hundred and seventy-seven million dollars, for which provision must be made; and he asked for an additional sum to meet the estimated expenditures of the Government to the close of the fiscal year, at the end of June, 1864, which would make the whole sum to be provided for, for the next eighteen months, more than nine hundred million dollars. The National debt on the first of July, 1863, was $1,098,798,181. It was estimated that at the same period In 1864 it would be $1,686,956,190. The average rate of interest on the whole debt, without regard to the varying margin between coin and notes, had been reduced from 4386 per cent., on the first of July, 1862, to 377 per cent. The important question, How is this vast sum to be provided? had to be met. The able Minister of Finance was ready with an answer. Keeping in mind the four objects in view which had controlled his a
March 17th (search for this): chapter 8
tence: In relieving Major-General Halleck from duty as General-in-Chief, the President desires to express his approbation and thanks for the zealous manner in which the arduous and responsible duties of that position have beer performed. General Grant made a flying visit to the Headquarters of the Army of the Potomac, and then started for the West, to make arrangements for inaugurating the grand campaign of the spring of 1864. At Nashville he issued the following modest order on the 17th of March, dated Headquarters of the armies of the United States :-- In pursuance of the following order of the President:-- Executive mansion, Washington, November 10, 1864. Under the authority of the Act of Congress to appoint to the grade of Lieutenant-General in the Army, of March 1, 1864, Lieutenant-General Ulysses S. Grant, United States Army, is appointed to the command of the armies of the United States. Abraham Lincoln. I assume command of the Armies of the United States
December, 1863 AD (search for this): chapter 8
e considering, when the public debt had reached the appalling sum of over a thousand million dollars, the great war in full career, and that debt increasing enormously every day, the public credit, especially among the people of this country, had never stood higher. The history of the world, said the Secretary, a year later, when he had been fully sustained by the people, may be searched in vain for a parallel case of popular financial support to a National Government. Annual Report, December, 1863. When Congress met in December, 1862, Secretary Chase laid before them a statement and estimate which would have appalled the representatives of a less hopeful people. He reported, that, on account of greatly increased expenditures, there remained a balance of disbursements to the amount of nearly two hundred and seventy-seven million dollars, for which provision must be made; and he asked for an additional sum to meet the estimated expenditures of the Government to the close of the
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