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Austerlitz (Czech Republic) (search for this): chapter 9
Example of a battle of the offensive defense: battle of Austerlitz, December 2, 1805. Very different from the last battle is that of Austerlitz, which-is a defensive battle with offensive return, fought by Napoleon, but offensive in the space in advance of his line of battle. Here the destruction of nearly a whole army was the consequence. This battle took place on the 2d of December, 1805. Napoleon had assembled about 70,000 men near Brunn, and awaited, in a position chosen by himself, ged to form a crotchet, is, at all events, a safer mode than the turning by a separate corps. The battles of the Alma and Wagram may serve as examples. To show the danger of surrounding, we have but to remember the results of the battles of Austerlitz and Rivoli, gained by Napoleon; that of Stockach, by the Archduke Charles; and that of Salamanca, gained by Wellington. The plan of the battle of Austerlitz shows the manoeuvre of the allies. With their right wing they intended to attack Na
Salmantica (Spain) (search for this): chapter 9
s, as in the operation we offer our own flanks to his attack. 4th. An attack in front of a wing in which it is at the same time outflanked, and obliged to form a crotchet, is, at all events, a safer mode than the turning by a separate corps. The battles of the Alma and Wagram may serve as examples. To show the danger of surrounding, we have but to remember the results of the battles of Austerlitz and Rivoli, gained by Napoleon; that of Stockach, by the Archduke Charles; and that of Salamanca, gained by Wellington. The plan of the battle of Austerlitz shows the manoeuvre of the allies. With their right wing they intended to attack Napoleon in front; with their left, amounting to 50,000 men, they intended to turn him. Napoleon seized the moment when their left wing had advanced to the attack to fall with his main force in the free space left between the right and left wings, which were defeated separately. At the battle of Rivoli, the Austrian general, Alvinzi, had formed
Halle (Belgium) (search for this): chapter 9
of Wellington.   Battal's. Squad's. Batt's. Men. Anglo-Hanoverians 74 81 21 61,325 Netherlands 38 28 8 28,865 Brunswick 8 5 2 6,658 Nassau 3     2,900    1231143199,748 From these troops, Wellington detached about 19,000 men to Halle, to cover his right flank on the road from Halle to Brussels. Some smaller detachments, besides the Movements of the 3 armies preceding the battle of Waterloo. loss sustained at Quatre-Bras, reduced the army present at the battle to about 70,Halle to Brussels. Some smaller detachments, besides the Movements of the 3 armies preceding the battle of Waterloo. loss sustained at Quatre-Bras, reduced the army present at the battle to about 70,000 men. Army of Napoleon.  Battal's.Squad's.Guns.Men. Guard24329618,400 Army corps:--   1st. Count Erlon32214620,564   2d. Count Reille 40 15 46 23,926   6th. Count Lobau 18   32 10,932 Cavalry   87 48 10,000    11415526883,822 Of these 83,822 men, only about 68,000 to 70,000 were present at the battle of Waterloo ; the remainder represents the loss in the battles of Ligny and Quatre-Bras, besides the division of Girard, which was with the army of Marshal Grouchy
Brussels (Belgium) (search for this): chapter 9
Nassau 3     2,900    1231143199,748 From these troops, Wellington detached about 19,000 men to Halle, to cover his right flank on the road from Halle to Brussels. Some smaller detachments, besides the Movements of the 3 armies preceding the battle of Waterloo. loss sustained at Quatre-Bras, reduced the army present atering about 35,000 men. Battle-field. The battle-field chosen by the Duke of Wellington lies in advance of Mont St. Jean. The main road from Charleroi to Brussels passes through its center; it forms a kind of upland, gradually sloping on each side of the main road, across which, beyond. Mont St. Jean, lies a chain of hilltle, was to destroy the English army; this could only be accomplished by separating it entirely from the Prussian army, and by cutting off its line of retreat to Brussels. There were two ways leading to this result — a main attack on the left wing, or one on the center, of the English position, to gain the road to the Forest of S<
Napoleon (Ohio, United States) (search for this): chapter 9
the right and left, and attack the enemy's wings in their flank. The allies advance with more than 50,000 men against Napoleon's right wing, composed only of about 5000 men, but afterward reinforced to 12,000 men. The advance of those 50,000 men orm; he defeated them before they could deploy in order of battle; the main column of Alvinzi was defeated in its turn by Napoleon's entire force; and the fourth column, which had arrived in his rear, was arrested for some time by a few battalions, anlucher and Wellington, who, with their armies, amounting to 220,000 men, had taken up their quarters in Belgium. It was Napoleon's intention to act speedily, and thereby surprise and defeat them separately. With astonishing rapidity he concentratedattle, the English had to contend with 55 of the French battalions, and the Prussians with 42; these last, however, were Napoleon's best troops, consisting of nearly all the Guard and of the 6th corps, which had not been present, and consequently had
Charleroi (Belgium) (search for this): chapter 9
t speedily, and thereby surprise and defeat them separately. With astonishing rapidity he concentrated his forces near Charleroi, and, on the 16th of June, found himself and army in the quarters of Blucher, who, however, had managed to assemble theattle-field. The battle-field chosen by the Duke of Wellington lies in advance of Mont St. Jean. The main road from Charleroi to Brussels passes through its center; it forms a kind of upland, gradually sloping on each side of the main road, acro remains in possession of the French. The division of Bachelu advances between the wood and the main road leading to Charleroi, but is stopped by the Hanoverians and the English brigade of Hackett. In the mean time, Ney has arranged the right wisuers. Only two or three batteries were saved. Blucher's cavalry pursued the enemy during the whole night as far as Charleroi. In this memorable battle, the English had to contend with 55 of the French battalions, and the Prussians with 42; t
Solferino (Italy) (search for this): chapter 9
ng regiments; such of our guns as can be brought to bear reopen their fire. Our columns reassemble again, and form behind the artillery, which recommences to batter the position of the enemy; fresh troops advance for the struggle, till, finally, we gain the position, and force the enemy to retreat, or till we ourselves are obliged to do so. The one who has most spared his forces, and who has best understood how to make them act at the right moment, will obtain the victory At the battle of Solferino, the Austrian center was attacked three times, and succumbed only at the third advance; it was deprived, in this critical moment, of its cavalry, which might, if it had been present, have turned the victory of the disbanded French columns into a retreat. Retreat or Pursuit. If the second period of the distant fight belongs principally to artillery, the second period of the close-quarter fight belongs chiefly to cavalry. Cavalry should fall on the retreating and shaken battalions of
Braunschweig (Lower Saxony, Germany) (search for this): chapter 9
ce. Strength of the armies. Army of Wellington.   Battal's. Squad's. Batt's. Men. Anglo-Hanoverians 74 81 21 61,325 Netherlands 38 28 8 28,865 Brunswick 8 5 2 6,658 Nassau 3     2,900    1231143199,748 From these troops, Wellington detached about 19,000 men to Halle, to cover his right flank on the road a severe struggle. A brigade of English Guards, conducted by Cook, comes to the rescue of the battalions who defend it, and drive back the French; the troops of Brunswick replace this brigade in their position. The division of Foy backs the troops of Guilleminot, who is dangerously wounded in the shoulder; he, nevertheless, leahole French line was in movement. The Guard's advance was supported by four batteries. The English batteries fired only at the advancing battalions. The Brunswick battalions, which first presented themselves to the French Guard, were repulsed. Wellington ordered the advance of the six battalions he had kept in reserve;
Brunn (Czech Republic) (search for this): chapter 9
Example of a battle of the offensive defense: battle of Austerlitz, December 2, 1805. Very different from the last battle is that of Austerlitz, which-is a defensive battle with offensive return, fought by Napoleon, but offensive in the space in advance of his line of battle. Here the destruction of nearly a whole army was the consequence. This battle took place on the 2d of December, 1805. Napoleon had assembled about 70,000 men near Brunn, and awaited, in a position chosen by himself, the attack of the allied Austrians and Russians, whose army amounted to 84,000 men. His plan was to advance from his own position the moment the enemy attacked him, and to fall on their center with his concentrated forces, while his wings arrested the advance of the enemy's. The first partial victory obtained in the center, the disengaged forces then turn to the right and left, and attack the enemy's wings in their flank. The allies advance with more than 50,000 men against Napoleon's right
Fleurus (Belgium) (search for this): chapter 9
tely. With astonishing rapidity he concentrated his forces near Charleroi, and, on the 16th of June, found himself and army in the quarters of Blucher, who, however, had managed to assemble the greater part of his forces, about 80,000 men, near Fleurus and Ligny — leaving, in this position, his base of operation on the Rhine, to form a junction with Wellington, who was assembling his troops, that very day, near Quatre-Bras, distant about seven miles from Fleurus. Napoleon had sent Marshal NFleurus. Napoleon had sent Marshal Ney, with about 40,000 combatants, to attack the forces already at Quatre-Bras, while he himself, with the main body, 65,000 men, attacked the army of Blucher. Ney, having advanced very late, found the forces at Quatre-Bras too strong, and was obliged to retreat. In the mean time, Napoleon had defeated the Prussians, and forced them to leave the battle-field. Double mistakes were made this day. Ney, at Quatre-Bras, was already in the rear of Blucher; Napoleon ordered him to leave this pos
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