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, just life enough to feel hungry; and thus he reached convalescence and recovery. A push of eight days further, to Stanley Pool, where begins the uninterrupted navigation of the Upper Congo. Here he finds that M. de Brazza, in the pay of France,s Stanley Falls. Briefly, his route from the ocean covered 110 miles of steaming; then a land march of 235 miles to Stanley Pool, whence the Upper Congo gives clear navigation, for 1070 miles, to Stanley Falls. Numerous tributaries multiply the nng with the natives. As a concrete instance may be given the story of Ngalyema and the fetish. Ngalyema, chief of Stanley Pool district, had demanded and received four thousand five hundred dollars' worth of cotton, silk, and velvet goods for gran do. No! No! No! he shrieked. I have seen enough! The day ended peacefully. I was invited to hasten on to Stanley Pool. The natives engaged themselves by the score to assist me in hauling the wagons. My progress was thence-forward stea
year, 1884, saw the recognition of the new State by the civilised powers. England's contribution was mainly indirect. She had previously made a treaty with Portugal, allowing her a strip of African coast, as the result of which she could now have excluded everyone else from the Congo. Manchester, Liverpool, and Glasgow, through their Chambers of Commerce, had remonstrated in vain. The United States, meanwhile, had been the first to recognise the new State of the Congo. Spurred by General Sandford, formerly Minister to Belgium, who appealed, on the one hand, to American interest in Livingstone and Stanley, and, on the other hand, to commercial possibilities, the American Senate, on April 10, 1884, authorised President Arthur to recognise the International African Association as a governing power on the Congo River. This action, says Stanley, was the birth to new life of the Association. In view of the menace to the world's trade by the Anglo-Portuguese treaty, Bismarck's stro
f his faithful Albert, he struggled long and vainly to speak the words of a parting charge; and when, at last, he uttered an intelligible sentence,--that success brought a rush of relief, and he cried, I am saved! Then came unconsciousness for twenty-four hours; and, afterwards, just life enough to feel hungry; and thus he reached convalescence and recovery. A push of eight days further, to Stanley Pool, where begins the uninterrupted navigation of the Upper Congo. Here he finds that M. de Brazza, in the pay of France, though aided by funds from the Comite International of Belgium, having heard of Stanley's doings, has raced across from the sea, and bargained with the natives for a great strip on the north bank of the river. So, for this region, Stanley secured the south bank. At last, greatly to his encouragement and help, came a re-enforcement of the good Zanzibaris. Early in 1882, he planted a fine station, named Leopoldville, in honour of the monarch whom Stanley heartily
d, imperious manner, pallid white face, and dead, lustreless eyes, is a sealed book. The most tragic pages in the history relate his coming upon a series of villages just ravaged by a ferocious slave-raid of the Arabs, and afterwards finding a herd of the wretched captives chained and guarded. It is a terrible picture. Over a hundred villages had been devastated, and the five thousand carried away as slaves stood for six times as many slain, or dying by the way-side. The Rt. Hon. Joseph Chamberlain, presiding at a banquet, in connection with the London School of Tropical Medicine, on May 11, 1905, said: Compare the total number killed in the whole series of our expeditions and campaigns in Africa, and you will find they do not approach a fraction of the native population destroyed every year before our advent. My friend, Sir Henry M. Stanley, once told me that, at the time of his early expeditions, he estimated that more than a million natives were slain every year in the Co
ements in him of the man that was needed: indefatigable industry; that magnetism which commands affection, obedience, and perfect trust; that power of reconciling men, no matter of what colour, to their duties; that cheerful promise that in him lay security and peace; that loving solicitude which betokens the kindly chief. That man was General Gordon. For six months I waited his coming; finally, letters came announcing his departure for the Soudan; and, soon after, arrived Lieutenant-colonel Sir Francis de Winton, of the Royal Artillery, in his place. General Gordon had arranged to take the Governorship of the Lower Congo, under Stanley, who was to govern the Upper Congo; and, together, they were to destroy the slave-trade at its roots. General Gordon wrote a letter to Stanley in which he said that he should be happy to serve under him, and work according to Stanley's ideas. When Sir Francis de Winton went out, Stanley transferred to him the Government of the Congo, and returned
vitation to the Royal Palace at Brussels in November, and there met various persons of more or less note in the commercial and monetary world, from England, Germany, France, Belgium, and Holland. An organisation was made, under the name, Comite daEtude du Haut Congo (which afterward became practically identified with the International ). Plans were adopted on a modest scale; the sum of twenty thousand pounds was subscribed for immediate use; and Stanley was put in charge of the work. Colonel Strauch, of the Belgian Army, was chosen President of the Society; and he, and his associates, selected Stanley's European assistants, and acted as his base of supplies during the five and a half years--January, 1879, to June, 1884--which he spent in the work. The story of that work is told at large in Stanley's book, The Congo, and the Founding of its free State. Less full of adventure and wonder than his preceding and following works, it is rich in material for whoever studies the relatio
The story of that work is told at large in Stanley's book, The Congo, and the Founding of its frorth bank of the river. So, for this region, Stanley secured the south bank. At last, greatly to tlement, when he had finished it to his mind, Stanley looked with special pride and complacency: th power on the Congo River. This action, says Stanley, was the birth to new life of the Associationegates from the United States, and with these Stanley was present as their technical adviser, and, lace in this story. In this whole chapter of Stanley's work, perhaps the most significant feature,warriors, Ngalyema was suddenly confronted by Stanley's rifle, and fell at his feet, in abject panihopeless and useless. On his return journey, Stanley borrowed from the slave-traders several of thnd he was not aware of it. This note, from Stanley's pocket-book, refers to an officer in chargeeverything utterly destroyed. When I asked Stanley what he would have done, whether he would hav[33 more...]
mly in the book. The Congo, and the Founding of its Free State. Such were the Scotch engineer, Binnie, who so stoutly held his solitary post at Stanley Falls; the efficient and fine-spirited Danish sailor, Albert Christopherson; the Scandinavian seaman, Captain Anderson, with his genius for inspiring everyone near him to work; the Englishman, A. B. Swinburne, with a genius for gardening and home-making, and for winning the affection of both whites and blacks; the Italian mechanician, Francois Flamini, who charmed the steam-engines into docility. But the book tells often of the failures, and the private note-books detail the story more plainly, and tell, too, something of his difficulties with his native helpers. All the officers, before I sent them to their posts, were instructed by me, orally and in writing, in the very minutiae of their duties, especially in the mode of conduct to be adopted towards the natives. The ridiculous inadequacy of our force as opposed to the nati
go River. This action, says Stanley, was the birth to new life of the Association. In view of the menace to the world's trade by the Anglo-Portuguese treaty, Bismarck's strong personality now came to the front, somewhat prompted by King Leopold. Stanley admired the straightforward vigor of the German as much as he admired the philanthropy of the Belgian rule. Bismarck summoned a Conference at Berlin, to which the leading European powers sent delegates. There were also delegates from the United States, and with these Stanley was present as their technical adviser, and, naturally, had a good hearing. The Conference was mainly interested to secure th consisted, virtually, in putting up a sign-board to whom it may concern. By this simple process, and with no trouble of exploration, purchase, or settlement, Bismarck then calmly proceeded to appropriate a large slice of Eastern Africa, which had been opened up by the British. The future course of African affairs, including
stition, and cruelty, into happy and virtuous men and women. His aim was as pure and high as Livingstone's. But, as a means, he looked not alone to the efforts of isolated missionaries, but to the iandford, formerly Minister to Belgium, who appealed, on the one hand, to American interest in Livingstone and Stanley, and, on the other hand, to commercial possibilities, the American Senate, on Aprrocity and wanton attacks, night and day; but a very simple explanation of it may be found in Livingstone's Last Journals, dated 28th October, 1870. He says: Muini Mukata, who has travelled further expedition, no one who could possibly be my companion, on an equal footing, except while with Livingstone. How could any young men, fresh from their school-rooms, look with my eyes upon any person his essential qualities. Its ultimate fruit cannot be so clearly measured as the search for Livingstone, or the first exploration of the Congo. Of those enterprises he was himself the Alpha and th
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