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1880 AD (search for this): entry indians-american
d States. The expensive and complicated machinery for the management of Indian affairs has been much in the way of the elevation of the race in the scale of civilization, and has produced much evil by creating irritation, jealousy, and universal lack of faith in the white race. These irritations for a long time kept a large portion of the Indians in a state of chronic hostility, and whole tribes utterly refused all overtures of the government to accept its protection and fostering care. In 1880 it was estimated that the number of potentially hostile Indians was fully 60,000. In 1891 the condition of affairs had been much improved. Among many tribes the introduction of agriculture, schools, and churches had been attended with the happiest results. There were 17,926 pupils enrolled in the schools conducted for the education and training of Indian youth, and these schools were supported at an expense of $1,842,770. Under the influence of better treatment there was a marked tendenc
1891 AD (search for this): entry indians-american
s in Utah and Texas, and several tribes in California. The Attakapas and Chitemachas, in Texas, have languages that enter into no known group. Condition of the Indians. According to the reports of the Indian Bureau, the Indian population in 1891 was 249,273, nearly all of whom were partially or absolutely under the control of the national government. There were 133,382 Indians on reservations, or at schools under control of the Indian Office; 52,065 were included in the five civilized te Indians in a state of chronic hostility, and whole tribes utterly refused all overtures of the government to accept its protection and fostering care. In 1880 it was estimated that the number of potentially hostile Indians was fully 60,000. In 1891 the condition of affairs had been much improved. Among many tribes the introduction of agriculture, schools, and churches had been attended with the happiest results. There were 17,926 pupils enrolled in the schools conducted for the education
Huron (search for this): entry indians-american
honors were gained sometimes by inheritance, but more frequently by personal merit. Such was the simple Indian arrow-heads. government, seldom disobeyed, that controlled about 1,000,000 dusky inhabitants of the present domain of the United States, which extends over nearly twenty-five degrees of latitude and about sixty degrees of longitude. Geographical distribution. There seem to have been only eight radically distinct nations known to the earlier settlers— namely, the Algonquian, Huron-Iroquois, Cherokee, Catawba, Uchee, Natchez, Mobilian or Floridian, and Dakota or Sioux. More recently, other distinct nations have been discovered—namely, the Athabascas, Sahaptins, Chinooks, Shoshones, and Attakapas. Others will doubtless be found. The Algonquians were a large family occupying all Canada, New England, a part of New York and Pennsylvania; all New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland, and Virginia; eastern North Carolina above Cape Fear, a large part of Kentucky and Tennessee, an
Huron Indians (search for this): entry indians-american
Indians, American Believing the earth to be a globe, Columbus expected to find India or Eastern Asia by sailing westward from Spain. The first land discovered by him—one of the Bahama A modern Comanche. Islands—he supposed to be a part of India, and he called the inhabitants Indians. This name was afterwards applied to alIndians. This name was afterwards applied to all the nations of the adjacent islands and the continent. Origin. There is no positive knowledge concerning the origin of the aborigines of America; their own traditions widely vary, and conjecture is unsatisfying. Recent investigations favor a theory that, if they be not indigenous, they came from two great Asiatic families Shoshones comprise tribes inhabiting the territory around the headwaters of the Columbia and Missouri rivers; the Comanches, extending from A group of educated Indians. the head-waters of the Brazos to those of the Arkansas; families in Utah and Texas, and several tribes in California. The Attakapas and Chitemachas, in Texas, h
North America (search for this): entry indians-american
n suggested Indian grave-post. that the Mandans and Chinooks, who are almost white, are descendants of a Welsh colony said to have been lost in the wilds of North America 700 years ago. Unity. There seems to be a physical identity of race throughout most of the continent. Their skin is generally of a dark reddish-brown, orsevering, revengeful, brave and ferocious in war; cruel towards enemies and faithful towards friends; grateful for favors, hospitable and kind, the Indians of North America are undoubtedly capable of great and rapid development under the genial influence of civilization. Their mental temperament is poetic and imaginative in a hig. War, hunting, and fishing are the chief pursuits of the men of the more barbarous tribes; agriculture of the semi-civilized. Among the savages found in North America by Europeans, the women performed almost all the manual labor and burden-bearing. They carried on their limited agriculture, which consisted in the production
South America (search for this): entry indians-american
ll the nations of the adjacent islands and the continent. Origin. There is no positive knowledge concerning the origin of the aborigines of America; their own traditions widely vary, and conjecture is unsatisfying. Recent investigations favor a theory that, if they be not indigenous, they came from two great Asiatic families: the more northern tribes of our continent from the lighter Mongolians, who crossed at Bering Strait, and the more southerly ones, in California, Central and South America, from the darker Malays, who first peopled Polynesia, in Indian War-clubs. the southern Pacific Ocean and finally made their way to our continent, gradually spreading over it from the Pacific to the Atlantic. Language fails to connect any of them with the Asiatic families, but their traditions, implements, and modes of life point to such a relationship. It has been suggested Indian grave-post. that the Mandans and Chinooks, who are almost white, are descendants of a Welsh colony
Asia (search for this): entry indians-american
Indians, American Believing the earth to be a globe, Columbus expected to find India or Eastern Asia by sailing westward from Spain. The first land discovered by him—one of the Bahama A modern Comanche. Islands—he supposed to be a part of India, and he called the inhabitants Indians. This name was afterwards applied to all the nations of the adjacent islands and the continent. Origin. There is no positive knowledge concerning the origin of the aborigines of America; their own traditions widely vary, and conjecture is unsatisfying. Recent investigations favor a theory that, if they be not indigenous, they came from two great Asiatic families: the more northern tribes of our continent from the lighter Mongolians, who crossed at Bering Strait, and the more southerly ones, in California, Central and South America, from the darker Malays, who first peopled Polynesia, in Indian War-clubs. the southern Pacific Ocean and finally made their way to our continent, gradually
Lake Winnipeg (Canada) (search for this): entry indians-american
l), the Choitan, and the Chickasaw. The heart of the Creek family was Indian picture writing. in Alabama. Under the general title of Dakotas or Sioux have been grouped a large number of tribes west of the Great Lakes and Mississippi, with whom the earlier French explorers came in contact. These, speaking dialects of the same language, apparently, were regarded as parts of one nation. They inhabited the domain stretching northward from the Arkansas River to the western tributary of Lake Winnipeg, and westward along all that line to the eastern slope of the Rocky Mountains. They have been arranged into four classes: 1. The Winnebagoes, situated between Lake Michigan and the Mississippi, within the domain of the Algonquians. 2. The Assiniboins, or Sioux proper, who formed the more northerly part of the nation. 3. The Southern Sioux, who were seated in the country between the Platte and Arkansas rivers. The Sahaptins include the Nez Perces and Walla Wallas, extending from th
Cape Fear (North Carolina, United States) (search for this): entry indians-american
hones, and Attakapas. Others will doubtless be found. The Algonquians were a large family occupying all Canada, New England, a part of New York and Pennsylvania; all New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland, and Virginia; eastern North Carolina above Cape Fear, a large part of Kentucky and Tennessee, and all north and west of those States east of the Mississippi. Within the folds of this nation were the Huron-Iroquois, occupying a greater portion of Canada south of the Ottawa River, and the region b the sun and fire, and made sacrifices to the source of terrestrial light. The Mobilians or Floridians occupied a domain next in extent to that of the Algonquians. It stretched along the Atlantic coast from Indian tents. the mouth of the Cape Fear River to the extremity of the Florida peninsula, and westward along the Gulf of Mexico about 600 miles to the Mississippi River. They also held jurisdiction up that stream as far as the mouth of the Ohio. The domain included parts of South Carol
Yadkin (North Carolina, United States) (search for this): entry indians-american
welling in southern Virginia and the upper part of North Carolina. Five families of the Huron-Iroquois, dwelling within the limits of the State of New York, formed the famous Iroquois Confederacy of Five Nations. The Cherokees inhabited the fertile and picturesque region where the mountain-ranges that form the watershed between the Atlantic and Mississippi melt in the lowlands that border the Gulf of Mexico. The Catawbas were their neighbors on the east, and dwelt upon the borders of the Yadkin and Catawba rivers, on both sides of the boundary-line between North and South Carolina. The Uchees were a small family in the pleasant land along the Oconee and the head-waters of the Ogeechee and Chattahoochee, in Georgia, and touched the Cherokees. They were only a remnant of a once powerful tribe, when the Europeans came, and they claimed to be more ancient than the surrounding people. The Natchez occupied a territory on the eastern side of the Mississippi, extending northeastward fr
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