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Trinidad (Trinidad and Tobago) (search for this): chapter 14
piness. The people were full of affections; and the objects of love were around them. They struck root in the soil immediately. They enjoyed religion. They were, from the first, industrious, and enterprising, and frugal; and affluence followed of course. When persecution ceased in England, there were already in New England thousands who would not change their place for any other in the world; and they were tempted in vain with invitations to the Bahama Isles, to Ireland, to Jamaica, to Trinidad. The purity of morals completes the picture of colonial felicity. As Ireland will not brook venomous beasts, so will not that land vile livers. One might dwell there from year to year, and not see a drunkard, or hear an oath, or meet a beggar. New England's First Fruits, printed 1643, p. 23, 26. The consequence was universal health—one of the chief elements of public happiness. The average duration of life in New England, compared with Europe, was doubled; and the human race was so v
Canterbury (United Kingdom) (search for this): chapter 14
treason in their general court to speak of appeals to the king; Hutchinson, i. 85. Hubbard, 354. and the greatest apprehensions were raised by a requisition which commanded the letters patent of the company to be produced in England. Winthrop, i. 135. 137. Hubbard, 153. Hazard, i. 341, 342. To this requisition the emigrants returned no reply. Still more menacing was the appointment of an arbitrary special commission for the colonies. The Chap X.} 1634 April 10. archbishop of Canterbury and those who were associated with him, received full power over the American plantations, to establish the government and dictate the laws; to regulate the church; to inflict even the heaviest punishments; and to revoke any charter which had been surreptitiously obtained, or which conceded liberties prejudicial to the royal prerogative Hazard, i. 344—347. Hubbard, 264—268. Hutchinson, i. App. No. iv. Winthrop, i. 143. Chalmers mistakes a year. The news of this commission soon
New Hampshire (New Hampshire, United States) (search for this): chapter 14
ut no judgment was entered up against them. Hazard, i. 423—425. Hutchinson's coll. 101—104. The unexpected death of Mason, Dec who, as the proprietary of New Hampshire, had been the chief mover of all the aggressions on the rights of the adjoining colony, suspended the hostile movements, Winthrop, i. 187. which Gorges had liberties, the territory of Massachusetts was extended to the Piscataqua, for which the strict interpretation of its charter offered an excuse. The people of New Hampshire had long been harassed by vexatious proprietary claims; dreading the perils of anarchy, they now provided a remedy for the evils of a disputed jurisdiction by rly be applied to the new acquisitions. In September, the general court adopted the measure which justice recommended; neither the freemen nor the deputies of New Hampshire were required to be church members. Thus political harmony was maintained, though the settlements long retained marks of the difference of their origin. Th
Poland (Poland) (search for this): chapter 14
well inclined to suspend the laws against Anabaptists, and the order subjecting strangers to the supervision of the magistrates; and Winthrop thought that the rule of hospitality required more moderation and indulgence. In Boston a powerful liberal party already openly existed. But now the apparent purpose of advancing religious freedom was made to disguise measures of the deadliest hostility to the frame of civil government. The nationality of New England was in danger. The existence of Poland was sacrificed, in the last century, by means of the Polish Dissidents, who, appealing to the Russian cabinet to interfere in behalf of liberty of conscience, opened the doors of their country to the enemy of its independence. The Roman Catholic bigots were there the impassioned guardians of Polish nationality. The Calvinists of New England were of a cooler temperament; but with equal inflexibility they anchored their liberties on unmixed Puritanism. To eat out the power of godliness, bec
Gulf of Mexico (search for this): chapter 14
and a printer. He died on the passage; but in 1639, Stephen Daye, the printer, printed the Freeman's Oath, and an Almanac calculated for New England; and in 1640, for the edification and comfort of the saints, the Psalms,—faithfully but rudely translated in metre from the Hebrew by Thomas Welde and John Eliot, ministers of Roxbury, assisted by Richard Mather, minister of Dorchester,—were published in a volume of three hundred octavo pages, the first ever printed in America, north of the Gulf of Mexico. In temporal affairs, plenty prevailed throughout the settlements, and affluence came in the train of industry. The natural exports of the country were furs and lumber; grain was carried to the West Indies; fish also was a staple. The art of shipbuilding was introduced with the first emigrants for Salem; but Winthrop had with him William Stephens, a shipwright who had been preparing to go for Spain, and who would have been as a precious jewel to any State that obtained him. He had
Cromwell (Connecticut, United States) (search for this): chapter 14
w England were ever sure that Cromwell would listen to their requests, and would take an interest in all the little details of their condition. He left them independence, and favored their trade. When his arms had made the conquest of Jamaica, he offered them 1655. the island, with the promise of all the wealth which the tropical clime pours prodigally into the lap of industry. and though they frequently thwarted his views, they never forfeited his regard. English history must judge of Cromwell by his influence on the institutions of England; the American colonies remember the years of his power as the period when British sovereignty was for them free from rapacity, intolerance, and oppression. He may be called the benefactor of the English in America; for he left them to enjoy unshackled the liberal benevolence of Providence, the freedom of industry, of commerce, of religion, and of government. Hutchinson's Coll. 233 and ff. Hutch. Hist. App. No. ix. x. Mass. State Papers,
Plymouth, Connecticut (Connecticut, United States) (search for this): chapter 14
left a hope that a new and a better union would spring from its root. Neither was the measure accomplished without a progress in political science. If the delegates from three of the states were empowered to frame and definitively conclude a union, the colony of Plymouth now set the example of requiring that the act of their constituent representatives should have no force till confirmed by a majority of the people. The union embraced the separate governments of Massachusetts, Plymouth, Connecticut, and New Haven; but to each its respective local jurisdiction was carefully reserved. The question of State Rights is nearly two hundred years old. The affairs of the confederacy were intrusted to commissioners, consisting of two from each colony. Church membership was the only qualification required for the office. The commissioners, who were to assemble annually, or oftener if exigencies demanded, might deliberate on all things which are the proper concomitants or consequents of
Seekonk (Massachusetts, United States) (search for this): chapter 14
ed with full power and authority to rule themselves. To the Long Parliament, and especially to Sir Henry Vane, Rhode Island owes its existence as a political state. A double triumph awaited Williams on his return to New England. He arrived at Boston, and letters from the parliament insured him a safe reception from those who had decreed his banishment. But what honors were prepared for the happy negotiator, on his return Chap. X.} to the province which he had founded! As he reached Seekonk, he found the water covered with a fleet of. canoes; all Providence had come forth to welcome the return of its benefactor. Receiving their successfull ambassador, the group of boats started for the opposite shore; and, as they paddled across the stream, Roger Williams, placed in the centre of his grateful fellow-citizens, and glowing with the purest joy, was elevated and transported out of himself. Knowles, 202. The work of Knowles is of high value. And now came the experiment of
York (United Kingdom) (search for this): chapter 14
menticus, though in truth but a poor village, Winthrop, II. 100. soon became a chartered borough; like Chap X.} 1642 Mar. 1. another Romulus, the veteran soldier resolved to perpetuate his name, and, under the name of Gorgeana, the land round York became as good a city as seals and parchment, a nominal mayor and aldermen, a chancery court and a court-leet, sergeants and white rods, can make of a town of less than three hundred inhabitants and its petty officers. Yet the nature of Gorges wahip were extended to all inhabitants; and the whole eastern country gradually, yet reluctantly, submitted to the necessity of the change. When the claims of the proprietaries in England were urged before Cromwell, many inhabitants of the towns of York, Kittery, Wells, Saco, and 1656 Cape Porpoise, yet not a majority, remonstrated on the ground of former experience. To sever them from Massachusetts would be to them the subverting of all civil order. Documents in Maine Hist Coll. 296. 299.
Maryland (Maryland, United States) (search for this): chapter 14
rallying Chap. X.} upon those classes, planted in their hearts the undying principles of democratic liberty. The golden age of Puritanism was passing away. 1660 Time was silently softening its asperities, and the revolutions of England prepared an era in its fortunes. Massachusetts never acknowledged Richard Cromwell; it read clearly in the aspect of parties the impending restoration. The protector had left the benefits of self-government and the freedom of commerce to New England and to Virginia; and Maryland, by the act of her inhabitants, was just beginning to share in the same advantages. Would the dynasty of the Stuarts deal benevolently with the colonies? Would it imitate the magnanimity of Cromwell, and suffer the staple of the south still to seek its market freely throughout the world? Could the returning monarch forgive the friends of the Puritans in England? Would he show favor to the institutions that the outcasts had reared beyond the Atlantic? end of Vol. I
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