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Department de Ville de Paris (France) (search for this): chapter 13
e consequent want of unity of action. In April, 1778, the American commissioners at April 28 Paris,—Franklin, Arthur Lee, and John Adams,—in a letter to the grand pensionary, van Bleiswijck, propt rejected the idea of a war with that power as an impossibility. The American commissioners at Paris, being indirectly invited by van Berckel to renew the offer of a treaty of commerce between the ime to be entered into between the two republics. When Lee communicated to the commissioners at Paris this project of a convention, they reminded him that the authority for treating with their High d been done. A Russian courier was expedited to Stockholm, and thence to Copenhagen, the Hague, Paris, and Madrid. Goertz to Frederic, 7 March, 1780. On the twenty-second of February, Potemkin anxpress; and on the fourteenth of March, by the swiftest messenger, he instructed his minister at Paris as follows: Immediately on receiving the present order, you will demand a particular audience of
Madrid (Spain) (search for this): chapter 13
to Potemkin that the empress should make a strong declaration at Versailles and Madrid, and second it by arming all her naval force. To this Potemkin objected that of the empress herself, and a reference to the just reproaches of the courts of Madrid and Versailles against Great Britain for troubling the liberty of commerce was ier was expedited to Stockholm, and thence to Copenhagen, the Hague, Paris, and Madrid. Goertz to Frederic, 7 March, 1780. On the twenty-second of February, PotemkFrederic, and by a courier despatched a copy of it to the French ambassador at Madrid, with the instruction: I should Chap. XII.} 1780. March. wrong your penetratiida Blanca, and it was impossible to resist its advice. The distance between Madrid and Petersburg prolonged the violent crisis; but before a letter could have reaich came upon Great Britain as a surprise, a welcome was prepared in France and Madrid. The empress made haste to invite Sweden, Denmark, Portugal, and the Netherl
Groningen (Netherlands) (search for this): chapter 13
France and Great Britain. The former sought to influence the states-general by confining its concession of commercial advantages in French ports to the towns which voted for unlimited convoy. In the states of Holland it was carried for all merchant vessels destined to the ports of France by a great majority, Rotterdam and the other chief cities joining Amsterdam, and the nobles being equally divided; but the states-general, in which Zeeland took the lead, and was followed by Gelderland, Groningen, and Overyssel, from motives of prudence rejected the resolution. Notwithstanding this moderation, a memorial from the British ambassador announced that Dutch vessels, carrying timber to ports of France, as by treaty with England they had the right to do, would be seized even though escorted by ships of war. Indignation within the provinces at the want of patriotism in the prince of Orange menaced the prerogatives of the stadholder and even the union itself. On one occasion five towns we
Bourbon (Indiana, United States) (search for this): chapter 13
ember were taken to Christiansand, were only forced to leave the harbor. Bismarck to Frederic, 6 and 23 Oct., 6 Nov., and 8 Dec., 1779. Wrapt up in the belief that he had brought the empress to the verge of standing forth as the professed friend of Great Britain, Harris thought he had only to meet her objection of his having acted without instructions; and, at his instance, George the Third, in November, by an autograph letter, entreated her armed mediation against the house of Nov. Bourbon. I admire, so he addressed her, the grandeur of your talents, the nobleness of your sentiments, and the extent of your intelligence. The employ, the mere show of naval force could break up the league formed against me, and maintain the balance of power which this league seeks to destroy. Malmesbury, i. 228. The letter was accompanied by a writing from Harris, in which he was lavish of flattery; and he offered, unconditionally, an alliance with Great Britain, including even a guarantee
Suffolk, Va. (Virginia, United States) (search for this): chapter 13
either put in deliberation nor answered. The British secretary of state could find no ground for complaint whatever. Suffolk to Yorke, 17 July, 1778. Still the merchants of Amsterdam saw in the independence of the United States a virtual repe to Yorke, 27 Oct., 1778; Secrete Resolutie van de Staten Generaal der Vereenigde Neder landen, 28 Oct., 1778; Yorke to Suffolk, 30 Oct., 1778. During the summer of 1778, British cruisers and Chap. XII.} 1778. privateers, swept on by the greedike the Netherlands. To the complaints of the Dutch that the clearest language of treaties was disregarded, the Earl of Suffolk answered that the British ambassador at the Hague should have instructions to negotiate with the republic new stipulations for the future; Suffolk to Welderen, 19 Oct., 1778. but for the present, treaty or no treaty, England would not suffer materials for ship-building to be taken by the Dutch to any French port; and its cruisers and its admiralty were instructed
Orange Court House (Virginia, United States) (search for this): chapter 13
er, communicated to the states-general. They Oct. promptly consigned the whole matter to rest in the manner which the stadholder had concerted, and which met exactly the hope of the British secretary of state. Private letter of the Prince of Orange to Yorke, 27 Oct., 1778; Secrete Resolutie van de Staten Generaal der Vereenigde Neder landen, 28 Oct., 1778; Yorke to Suffolk, 30 Oct., 1778. During the summer of 1778, British cruisers and Chap. XII.} 1778. privateers, swept on by the greennounced that Dutch vessels, carrying timber to ports of France, as by treaty with England they had the right to do, would be seized even though escorted by ships of war. Indignation within the provinces at the want of patriotism in the prince of Orange menaced the prerogatives of the stadholder and even the union itself. On one occasion five towns went so far as to vote in the states of Holland for withholding the quota of their province. Thulemeier to Frederic, 10 Aug., 1779. Great Bri
France (France) (search for this): chapter 13
n a commercial treaty between the republic and France. When Cromwell was protector, when Milton was England, in 1654 with Portugal, in 1655 with France, in 1656 Chap. XII.} with Sweden. After the The rights of neutral flags were confirmed by France and England in the peace of Utrecht. The benein Malmes bury Papers. After the avowal by France of its treaties with the colonies, the British the secretary Fagel as obsequious vassals. France had a controlling influence in no one of the phe states-general their commercial treaty with France. The Dutch government through all its organs reciprocity. The commercial treaty between France and the United States was, about the same timected precipitately without intending to offend France and without proper concert with the courts of to suffer from the conflicting aggressions of France and Great Britain. The former sought to influ all merchant vessels destined to the ports of France by a great majority, Rotterdam and the other c[10 more...]
Trajectum (Netherlands) (search for this): chapter 13
gnised in 1674 in their fullest extent by the commercial convention between England and the Netherlands. In 1689, after the stadholder of the United Provinces had been elected king of England, his overpowering influence drew the Netherlands into an acquiescence in a declaration that all ships going to or coming from a French port were good prizes; but it was recalled upon the remonstrance of neutral states. The rights of neutral flags were confirmed by France and England in the peace of Utrecht. The benefits of the agreement extended to Denmark, as entitled to all favors granted to other powers. Between 1604 and 1713, the principle had been accepted in nearly twenty treaties. When, in 1745, Prussian ships, laden with wood and corn, were captured on the high seas and condemned in English courts, Frederic, without a navy and even without one deep harbor, without a treaty, resting only on the law of nations, exacted full indemnity from England. The neutral flag found protection i
The Hague (Netherlands) (search for this): chapter 13
the republic, transacting its affairs with all envoys resident at the Hague. It was very common for him to bring business in the first instaerved, and he was always at the beck of the British ambassador at the Hague. The secretary Fagel was, like his ancestors, devoted to England, Jan. before her rupture with England, the French ambassador at the Hague was instructed to suggest a convention between the states-generalf the regency of Amsterdam, wrote to an American correspondent at the Hague: With the new republic, clearly raised up by the help of Providenrded, the Earl of Suffolk answered that the British ambassador at the Hague should have instructions to negotiate with the republic new stipued by her private secretary to her envoys in Sweden, Denmark, and the Hague, before she informed her minister for foreign affairs of what hadian courier was expedited to Stockholm, and thence to Copenhagen, the Hague, Paris, and Madrid. Goertz to Frederic, 7 March, 1780. On the
Gibraltar (search for this): chapter 13
erchant ships as prizes into Portsmouth. This outrage on the Netherlands tended to rouse Chap. XII.} 1779. and unite all parties and all provinces. Everywhere in Europe, and especially in Petersburg, it was the subject of conversation; and the conduct of the Dutch was watched with the intensest curiosity. Swart, minister at Petersburg, to the states-general, 1 and 4 Feb., 1780. But another power beside England had disturbed neutral rights. Fearing that supplies might be carried to Gibraltar, Spain had given an order to bring into Cadiz all neutral ships bound with provisions for the Mediterranean, and to sell their cargoes to the highest bidder. In the last part of the year 1779, the order was applied to the Concordia, a Russian vessel carrying wheat to Barcelona. Harris, who received the news in advance, hurried to Potemkin with a paper in which he proved from this example what terrible things might be expected from the house of Bourbon if they should acquire maritime supe
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