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Browsing named entities in a specific section of Cambridge History of American Literature: volume 1, Colonial and Revolutionary Literature: Early National Literature: Part I (ed. Trent, William Peterfield, 1862-1939., Erskine, John, 1879-1951., Sherman, Stuart Pratt, 1881-1926., Van Doren, Carl, 1885-1950.). Search the whole document.

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William Wollaston (search for this): chapter 1.7
mployment with the second printer in Philadelphia, Samuel Keimer, a curious person who kept the Mosaic law. In 1724, encouraged by the facile promises of Governor Keith, Franklin went to England in the expectation that letters of credit and recommendation from his patron would enable him to procure a printing outfit. Left in the lurch by the governor, he served for something over a year in two great London printing-houses, kept free-thinking and rather loose company, and, in refutation of Wollaston's Religion of nature, upon which he happened to be engaged in the composing-room, published in 1725 his suppressed tract On liberty and necessity. Returning to Philadelphia in 1726, he re-entered the employ of Keimer; in 1728 formed a brief partnership with Hugh Meredith; and in 1730 married and set up for himself. In 1728 he founded the famous Junto Club for reading, debating, and reforming the world — an institution which developed into a powerful organ of political influence. Shorta
Shipley (search for this): chapter 1.7
t with the leading politicians, diplomats, and statesmen of Europe. In his native land he has known men like Cotton Mather, Whitefield, Benjamin Rush, Benjamin West, Ezra Stiles, Noah Webster, Jay, Adams, Jefferson, and Washington. In England, where his affections strike such deep root that he considers establishing there his permanent abode, he is in relationship, more or less intimate, with Mandeville, Paine, Priestley, Price, Adam Smith, Robertson, Hume, Joseph Banks, Bishop Watson, Bishop Shipley, Lord Kames, Lord Shelburne, Lord Howe, Burke, and Chatham. Among Frenchmen he numbers on his list of admiring friends Vergennes, Lafayette, Mirabeau, Turgot, Quesnay, La Rochefoucauld-Liancourt, Condorcet, Lavoisier, Buffon, D'Alembert, Robespierre, and Voltaire. It is absurd to speak of one who has been subjected to the moulding of such forces as a product of the provinces. All Europe has wrought upon and metamorphosed the Yankee printer. The man whom Voltaire kisses is a statesman
Abiah Folger Franklin (search for this): chapter 1.7
Born in Boston on 6 January, 1706, he inherited from his long-lived parents, Josiah and Abiah Folger Franklin, a rugged physical and mental constitution which hardly faltered through the hard usage er his natural bent by taking him about to see various artisans at their work. Everything that Franklin touched taught him something; and everything that he learned, he used. Though his tour of the ort Royal Art of thinking, Xenophon's Memorabilia, and the works of Shaftesbury and Collins. Franklin found the right avenue for a person of his bookish inclination when his brother James, returninork fell short in elegance of expression, in method, and in perspicuity. About this time, says Franklin in a familiar paragraph, I met with an odd volume of the Spectator. Anticipating Dr. Johnson'ch several generations of English essayists have sought to attain. All the world has heard how Franklin's career as a writer began with an anonymous contribution stealthily slipped under the door of
Brillon (search for this): chapter 1.7
In the press of public affairs, never losing interest in scientific matters, he served on a royal French commission to investigate Mesmerism; sent to his foreign correspondents ingenious geological and meteorological conjectures; and transmitted to the Royal Society reports on French experiments in aeronautics. He entertained with a certain lavishness at his house in Passy; and he was a frequent diner-out, adored for his wit and good humour in the intimate coteries of Mme. Helvetius and Mme. Brillon. He set up for the amusement of himself and his friends a private press in Passy, on which he printed number of bagatelles of an accomplished and charming levity : The ephemera (1778), The morals of Chess (1779), The whistle (1779), The dialogue between Franklin and the gout (1780.) In 1784 he resumed work on his unfinished autobiography, and published Advice to such as would remove to America and Remarks concerning the savages of North America. In his residence in France he began seri
Socrates (search for this): chapter 1.7
nd of classical satisfaction from the reflection that this feeling was in concurrence with the common opinions of mankind. A few weeks before his death he admitted, in a remarkable letter to Ezra Stiles, a doubt as to the divinity of Jesus; but he remarked with his characteristic tranquillity that he thought it needless to busy myself with it now, when I expect soon an Opportunity of knowing the Truth with less Trouble. Not elate, like Emerson, yet quite unawed, this imitator of Jesus and Socrates walked in this world and prepared for his ease in Zion. Franklin set himself in youth to the study of moral perfection, and the work which only great public business prevented his leaving as his literary monument was to have been a treatise on the art of virtue. His merits, however, in both the theory and practice of the moral life have been seriously called in question. It is alleged that his standards were low and that he did not live up to them. It must be conceded on the one hand
W. E. Burton (search for this): chapter 1.7
o me, having learnt so much by it as to be able to do little odd jobs myself in my house . . . and to construct little machines for my experiments, while the intention of making the experiment was fresh and warm in my mind. Throughout his boyhood and youth he apparently devoured every book that he could lay hands upon. He went through his father's shelves of polemic divinity ; read abundantly in Plutarch's Lives; acquired Bunyan's works in separate little volumes, which he later sold to buy Burton's Historical collections; received an impetus towards practical improvements from Defoe's Essay upon projects and an impetus towards virtue from Mather's Essays to do good. Before he left Boston he had his mind opened to free speculation and equipped for logical reasoning by Locke's Essay concerning human understanding, the Port Royal Art of thinking, Xenophon's Memorabilia, and the works of Shaftesbury and Collins. Franklin found the right avenue for a person of his bookish inclination
Defoe (search for this): chapter 1.7
ature produced at home and imported from abroad, he becomes in Philadelphia almost as good a Queen Anne's man as Swift or Defoe. His scientific investigations bring him into correspondence with fellow-workers in England, France, Germany, Italy, Holumes, which he later sold to buy Burton's Historical collections; received an impetus towards practical improvements from Defoe's Essay upon projects and an impetus towards virtue from Mather's Essays to do good. Before he left Boston he had his ming and imitating the virtues of many masters: the playful charm of Addison, the trenchancy of Swift, the concreteness of Defoe, the urbanity of Shaftesbury, the homely directness of Bunyan's dialogue, the unadorned vigour of Tillotson, and the epig for Cythera of Watteau. The tallow chandler's son who enters on the cycle of his development by cultivating thrift with Defoe, continues it by cultivating tolerance and philanthropy with Voltaire, and completes it with Lord Chesterfield by cultiva
Albert Henry Smyth (search for this): chapter 1.7
's printing-house at night, and in the morning approved for publication by his brother's circle of writing friends. Professor Smyth The Writings of Benjamin Franklin. Collected and edited by Albert Henry Smyth. New York, 1907. Vol. i, p. I. TheAlbert Henry Smyth. New York, 1907. Vol. i, p. I. The Dogood Papers were claimed by Franklin in the first draft of his Autobiography, and they have been long accredited to him; but they were first included in his collected works by Professor Smyth. inclined to identify this contribution with the first Professor Smyth. inclined to identify this contribution with the first of fourteen humorous papers with Latin mottoes signed Silence Dogood, which appeared fortnightly in The New England Courant from March to October, 1722. In this year Benjamin was in charge of the Courant during his brother's imprisonment for printisive peace with France in his stinging little skit, Of the Meanes of disposing the enemies to peace, See Writings, ed. Smyth, Vol. IV, pp. 89-95. which he presented as an extract from the work of a Jesuit historian. In 1760, also, he was joint
Algernon Sidney (search for this): chapter 1.7
e affairs of the colonies. In this association he learned the importance of co-operation, mastered the tactics of organization, practised the art of getting propaganda afoot, and discovered the great secret of converting private desires into public demands. In proposing in 1754 his plan for a union of the colonies he was applying to larger units the principle of co-operative action by which he had built up what we might call to-day his machine in Pennsylvania. Writers like Milton and Algernon Sidney had reenforced his natural inclination towards liberal forms of government. But he had in too large measure the instincts and the ideas of a leader, and he had too much experience with the conflicting prejudices and the resultant compromises of popular assemblies, to feel any profound reverence for the collective wisdom of the people. If all officers appointed by governors were always men of merit, he wrote in his Dialogue concerning the present state of affairs in Pennsylvania, it w
Thomas Paine (search for this): chapter 1.7
where his affections strike such deep root that he considers establishing there his permanent abode, he is in relationship, more or less intimate, with Mandeville, Paine, Priestley, Price, Adam Smith, Robertson, Hume, Joseph Banks, Bishop Watson, Bishop Shipley, Lord Kames, Lord Shelburne, Lord Howe, Burke, and Chatham. Among Fren It is a curiously ominous coincidence that in this year of his great humiliation he sent with a letter of recommendation to his son-in-law in Philadelphia one Thomas Paine, an obscure Englishman of whiggish temper, two years later to become the fieriest advocate of American independence. In disgrace with the Court, Franklin ling both the positive and negative dogmas of the religion civil formulated by Rousseau in the Contrat social. In his later years he was in sympathetic relations with Paine, Price, and Priestley. He was, however, of a fortunately earlier generation than these English heretics, and certain other circumstances enabled him to keep the t
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