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afford room for manoeuvring and to enable the brigades to support each other. The contingency of the enemy's crossing the Potomac above the city was foreseen and promptly provided for. Had he attempted this about three months after the battle of Manassas, he would, upon reaching the rear of Washington, have found it covered by respectable works, amply garrisoned, with a sufficient disposable force to move upon his rear and force him to a decisive engagement. The words quoted are General Beauregard's. (See Vol. I., p. 221).--Editors. It would have been the greatest possible good fortune for us if he had made this movement at the time in question, or even some weeks earlier. It was only for a very few days after the battle of Bull Run that the movement was practicable, and every day added to its difficulty. Two things were at once clear: first, that a large and thoroughly organized army was necessary to bring the war to a successful conclusion; second, that Washington must be
Walter M. Bramhall (search for this): chapter 5.20
artillery on the opposite side of the railroad, they would have been cut in pieces. an aide to General McClellan having reported to me the day before to point out to me a road across the White Oak Swamp, opening from the left flank of my position of the fortified lines, I did not hesitate to retreat by that road, and left at 3 P. M. General Smith, of Franklin's Corps, having sent to the rear all his batteries earlier in the day, I, at his request, let him have two of mine (Osborn's and Bramhall's), and they did good service that afternoon in checking and defeating the rebel attack. my remaining would have been no aid to General Sumner, as he already had more troops than he could defile through the narrow road in his rear, and the road I took covered his left flank. before dark the advance of my Corps was across the Swamp, and by 10 P. M. The rear was over, with but little molestation from the enemy. I immediately sought General McClellan, and reported to him what I had don
Thomas F. Meagher (search for this): chapter 5.20
ion reached the field at 3:30 and immediately went into action. At about 5 P. M. General Porter reported his position as critical, and the brigades of French and Meagher — of Richardson's division — were ordered to reenforce him, although the fearless commander of the Second Corps, General Sumner, thought it hazardous to remove th, left alone when Slocum crossed to the aid of Porter, was so seriously threatened that I called on Sumner's Corps to send a brigade to its support. French and Meagher reached the field before dusk, just after Porter's Corps had been forced by superior numbers to fall back to an interior position nearer the bridges, and, by thei within a few yards, poured in a single volley, and then dashed forward with the bayonet. At 7 P. M. The enemy was accumulating fresh troops, and the brigades of Meagher and Sickles were sent from Sumner's and Heintzelman's Corps to reenforce Porter and Couch; fresh batteries were moved forward from the reserve artillery and the a
Thomas W. Osborn (search for this): chapter 5.20
w batteries of artillery on the opposite side of the railroad, they would have been cut in pieces. an aide to General McClellan having reported to me the day before to point out to me a road across the White Oak Swamp, opening from the left flank of my position of the fortified lines, I did not hesitate to retreat by that road, and left at 3 P. M. General Smith, of Franklin's Corps, having sent to the rear all his batteries earlier in the day, I, at his request, let him have two of mine (Osborn's and Bramhall's), and they did good service that afternoon in checking and defeating the rebel attack. my remaining would have been no aid to General Sumner, as he already had more troops than he could defile through the narrow road in his rear, and the road I took covered his left flank. before dark the advance of my Corps was across the Swamp, and by 10 P. M. The rear was over, with but little molestation from the enemy. I immediately sought General McClellan, and reported to him
Benjamin F. Butler (search for this): chapter 5.20
ted for the spring of 1862 was to push forward the armies of Generals Halleck and Buell to occupy Memphis, Nashville, and Knoxville, and the line of the Memphis and Danville Railroad, so as to deprive the enemy of that important line, and force him to adopt the circuitous routes by Augusta, Branchville, and Charleston. It was also intended to seize Washington, North Carolina, at the earliest practicable moment, and to open the Mississippi by effecting a junction between Generals Halleck and Butler. This movement of the Western armies was to be followed by that of the Army of the Potomac from Urbana, on the lower Rappahannock [see map, next page], to West Point and Richmond, intending, if we failed to gain Richmond by a rapid march, to cross the James and attack the city in rear, with the James as a line of supply. So long as Mr. Cameron was Secretary of War I received the cordial support of that department; but when he resigned, the whole state of affairs changed. I had never met
e same day was issued, without my knowledge, the order forming army corps and assigning the senior general officers to their command. First Corps, McDowell — Divisions: Franklin, McCall, and King; Second Corps, Sumner — Divisions: Richardson, Blenker, and Sedgwick; Third Corps, Heintzelman — Divisions: Porter, Hooker, and Hamilton; Fourth Corps, Keyes — Divisions: Couch, Smith, and Casey. The reserve artillery (Henry J. Hunt), the regular infantry (George Sykes), and regular cavalry (Philipdertaken with the intention of taking some 145,000 troops, to be increased by a division of 10,000 drawn from the troops in the vicinity of Fort Monroe, giving a total of 155,000. Strenuous efforts were made to induce the President to take away Blenker's German division of 10,000 men. Of his own volition he at first declined, but the day before I left Washington he yielded to the non-military pressure and reluctantly gave the order, thus reducing the expected force to 145,000. While at Fai
S. P. Heintzelman (search for this): chapter 5.20
ions, Sedgwick and Richardson; Third Corps, Heintzelman — Divisions, Kearny and Hooker; Fourth Corpssible, and on the 30th of May the Corps of Heintzelman and Keyes were on the right bank of the Ching the battle of Fair Oaks or Seven Pines. Heintzelman came up in support, and during the afternoo to gain ground enough to enable Sumner and Heintzelman to support the attack to be made next day better was received from the daughter of General Heintzelman: in the century for May, 1885, Geegards to the Third Corps, commanded by General Heintzelman. Fortunately my father's papers, whichallegations,--one in the handwriting of General Heintzelman's Adjutant-General, and the other the ritions. upon the demand for troops General Heintzelman replied as follows: headquarters ThirdStation were ample for the purpose in view, Heintzelman withdrew his troops during the afternoon, c same statement was first made in 1863, General Heintzelman wrote the following letter: headquarte[1 more...]
Stonewall Jackson (search for this): chapter 5.20
y and safely. On the same day another dispatch came, informing me that, in consequence of Stonewall Jackson's advance down the Shenandoah, the movement of McDowell was suspended. Next day the Presiourt House, to our right and rear, threatening our communications, and in position to reenforce Jackson or oppose McDowell, whose advance was then eight miles south of Fredericksburg. I ordered Gen Fort Monroe, was placed under my command. On the 2d the Secretary telegraphed that as soon as Jackson was disposed of in the Shenandoah, another large body of troops would be at my service; on the o join me as speedily as possible, and that it was clear that a strong force was operating with Jackson for the purpose of preventing the forces there from joining me. on the 26th the Secretary teexpedient. during the night of the 24th information arrived confirming the anticipation that Jackson was moving to attack our right and rear, but I persisted in the operation intended for the 25th
David B. Birney (search for this): chapter 5.20
irely satisfactory. to hold my position till dark, by which time I was to receive orders, would have been impossible. After Generals Franklin and Sumner had fallen back, my right flank and rear were uncovered, and by a road which passed entirely in my rear; and beyond my right flank my only line of retreat would have been cut off, and I would have lost my entire Corps. I did not know where General McClellan was, and it was, therefore, impossible to report to him for orders. when General Birney reached Fisher's Ford, the enemy were there, but not in force; they soon arrived in force, and he had to take another road more to our left. Had we been a little later they would have been in possession, and our retreat by this road cut off. S. P. Heintzelman. I trust that you will be able to find space for these letters. Mary L. Heintzelman. Editors. shortly after noon on the 27th the attack commenced upon Porter's Corps, in its New position near Gaines's Mill, and th
H. W. Halleck (search for this): chapter 5.20
e the prevention of blockade-running, and to cut or threaten the lines of communication near the coast, with reference to subsequent operations. The plan of campaign which I adopted for the spring of 1862 was to push forward the armies of Generals Halleck and Buell to occupy Memphis, Nashville, and Knoxville, and the line of the Memphis and Danville Railroad, so as to deprive the enemy of that important line, and force him to adopt the circuitous routes by Augusta, Branchville, and Charleston. It was also intended to seize Washington, North Carolina, at the earliest practicable moment, and to open the Mississippi by effecting a junction between Generals Halleck and Butler. This movement of the Western armies was to be followed by that of the Army of the Potomac from Urbana, on the lower Rappahannock [see map, next page], to West Point and Richmond, intending, if we failed to gain Richmond by a rapid march, to cross the James and attack the city in rear, with the James as a line of
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