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Browsing named entities in a specific section of HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF MEDFORD, Middlesex County, Massachusetts, FROM ITS FIRST SETTLEMENT, IN 1630, TO THE PRESENT TIME, 1855. (ed. Charles Brooks). Search the whole document.

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1628 AD (search for this): chapter 12
lars pass, and are made free; It is a year of jubilee. Let us, therefore, good husbands be; And good old times we soon shall see. Taxes. The first inhabitants of Medford, bringing with them the common usage of England with respect to poll and property taxation, adopted the rules which they had followed in their native country. The records of our Colonial General Courts, under Governor Endicott, before the arrival of Governor Winthrop, are lost, and therefore the rates of taxation from 1628 to 1633 cannot be ascertained; yet they may be presumed from the subsequent rates which were soon after established with respect to church and state expenses. The first rule enacted by the Legislature was in 1646. This was twenty-pence a poll, and one penny on a pound, for the State. Sterling was the currency till 1652, when the pine-tree coin, called New England currency, was introduced. This new coin was six shillings and eightpence less than the English pound sterling, and was so made
March 4th, 1629 AD (search for this): chapter 12
than the English pound sterling, and was so made to keep it in the country. The earliest payments were made in money; but after-wards the Province agreed to take beaver, grain, pease, cattle, fish, lumber, &c. This was called country pay, and also called specie: this last word retained its early meaning till within seventy or eighty years of our time. After the Province bills of credit were introduced, country pay for Province taxes ceased in 1694. As Charles I., by his charter of March 4, 1629, released the Pilgrims from all taxes, subsidies, and customs, in New England, our fathers had no taxes but what were necessary in their own borders. To show how taxes were assessed at our earliest history, the following specimens may suffice. At the first Court of Assistants, under Winthrop, in Charlestown, Sept. 28, 1630, the following was passed :-- It is ordered that there shall be collected and levied by distress, out of the several plantations, for the maintenance of Mr. P
September 7th, 1630 AD (search for this): chapter 12
e, we quote the law of Oct. 18, 1648:-- It is ordered, for trial till the next court, that all passable or payable peage henceforth shall be entire, without breaches, both the white and black, without deforming spots, suitably strung in eight known parcels,--one penny, threepence, twelvepence, five shillings, in white; twopence, sixpence, two shillings and sixpence, and ten shillings, in black. Medford paid its share towards the support of Rev. Messrs. Patricke and Underhill; and, Sept. 7, 1630, it is ordered that Mr. Patricke and Mr. Underhill shall have allowed them, for half a year's provision, two hogsheads of meal, four bushels of malt, ten pounds of powder, and lead to make shot; also house-room provided for them, and fifteen pounds twelve shillings in money to make other provision from the time they begin to keep house. These records show how the Pilgrims managed their currency:-- Sir Richard Saltonstall is fined four bushels of malt, for his absence from court.
September 28th, 1630 AD (search for this): chapter 12
eighty years of our time. After the Province bills of credit were introduced, country pay for Province taxes ceased in 1694. As Charles I., by his charter of March 4, 1629, released the Pilgrims from all taxes, subsidies, and customs, in New England, our fathers had no taxes but what were necessary in their own borders. To show how taxes were assessed at our earliest history, the following specimens may suffice. At the first Court of Assistants, under Winthrop, in Charlestown, Sept. 28, 1630, the following was passed :-- It is ordered that there shall be collected and levied by distress, out of the several plantations, for the maintenance of Mr. Patricke and Mr. Vnderhill, the sum of fifty pounds; viz., out of Charlton, seven pounds; Boston, eleven pounds; Dorchester, seven pounds; Rocksbury, five pounds; Watertown, eleven pounds; Meadford, three pounds; Salem, three pounds; Wessaguscus, two pounds; Nantascett, one pound. This tax was paid for instructing the colonist
November 30th, 1630 AD (search for this): chapter 12
ss, out of the several plantations, for the maintenance of Mr. Patricke and Mr. Vnderhill, the sum of fifty pounds; viz., out of Charlton, seven pounds; Boston, eleven pounds; Dorchester, seven pounds; Rocksbury, five pounds; Watertown, eleven pounds; Meadford, three pounds; Salem, three pounds; Wessaguscus, two pounds; Nantascett, one pound. This tax was paid for instructing the colonists in military tactics; an art quite necessary for self-defence against unknown Indian tribes. In Nov. 30, 1630, the same court levied a tax of sixty pounds, to pay the two public preachers, Rev. George Phillips and Rev. John Wilson; and the places and sums were as follow: Boston, twenty pounds; Charlton, ten pounds; Rocksbury, six pounds; Meadford, three pounds; Winnett-semett, one pound. Feb. 3, 1632, the same court levied a tax of sixty pounds, to make a palisade for the defence of Newton, that town having been chosen as the seat of government. To this tax, twelve towns contributed; and Mea
October 18th, 1631 AD (search for this): chapter 12
ce from court. Mr. Robert Saltonstall is fined five shillings, for presenting his petition on so small and bad a piece of paper. Chickataubott is fined a skin of a beaver, for shooting a swine of Sir Richard Saltonstall. Silver was exceedingly scarce at the time Medford was settled; hence the necessity of adopting some other standards of value. All accounts were kept in the pounds, shillings, pence, and farthings of the mother country. For more than half a century, the law of Oct. 18, 1631, was in active operation here. That law was as follows :-- It is ordered that corn shall pass for payment of all debts, at the usual rate it is sold for, except money or beaver be expressly named. Oct. 3, 1633: It is agreed that the best sort of laborers shall not take above eighteen-pence a day, if they diet themselves; and not above eightpence a day, if they have diet found them. Further, it is ordered that all workmen shall work the whole day, allowing convenient tine for food
February 3rd, 1632 AD (search for this): chapter 12
Wessaguscus, two pounds; Nantascett, one pound. This tax was paid for instructing the colonists in military tactics; an art quite necessary for self-defence against unknown Indian tribes. In Nov. 30, 1630, the same court levied a tax of sixty pounds, to pay the two public preachers, Rev. George Phillips and Rev. John Wilson; and the places and sums were as follow: Boston, twenty pounds; Charlton, ten pounds; Rocksbury, six pounds; Meadford, three pounds; Winnett-semett, one pound. Feb. 3, 1632, the same court levied a tax of sixty pounds, to make a palisade for the defence of Newton, that town having been chosen as the seat of government. To this tax, twelve towns contributed; and Meadford paid three pounds. In March 4, 1633, another levy was made to pay military teachers; and here Meadford again paid three pounds. Thus our town seems to have taken its place with contiguous plantations in bearing its proportion of the public burdens. The levy, in each place, was made by th
1633 AD (search for this): chapter 12
s, and are made free; It is a year of jubilee. Let us, therefore, good husbands be; And good old times we soon shall see. Taxes. The first inhabitants of Medford, bringing with them the common usage of England with respect to poll and property taxation, adopted the rules which they had followed in their native country. The records of our Colonial General Courts, under Governor Endicott, before the arrival of Governor Winthrop, are lost, and therefore the rates of taxation from 1628 to 1633 cannot be ascertained; yet they may be presumed from the subsequent rates which were soon after established with respect to church and state expenses. The first rule enacted by the Legislature was in 1646. This was twenty-pence a poll, and one penny on a pound, for the State. Sterling was the currency till 1652, when the pine-tree coin, called New England currency, was introduced. This new coin was six shillings and eightpence less than the English pound sterling, and was so made to keep
March 4th, 1633 AD (search for this): chapter 12
f sixty pounds, to pay the two public preachers, Rev. George Phillips and Rev. John Wilson; and the places and sums were as follow: Boston, twenty pounds; Charlton, ten pounds; Rocksbury, six pounds; Meadford, three pounds; Winnett-semett, one pound. Feb. 3, 1632, the same court levied a tax of sixty pounds, to make a palisade for the defence of Newton, that town having been chosen as the seat of government. To this tax, twelve towns contributed; and Meadford paid three pounds. In March 4, 1633, another levy was made to pay military teachers; and here Meadford again paid three pounds. Thus our town seems to have taken its place with contiguous plantations in bearing its proportion of the public burdens. The levy, in each place, was made by the officers of said plantation or town; and the following order, from the general government, attests to the ideas of right universally existing:-- 1634, May 14: It is further ordered, that, in all rates and public charges, the towns sha
October 3rd, 1633 AD (search for this): chapter 12
tonstall. Silver was exceedingly scarce at the time Medford was settled; hence the necessity of adopting some other standards of value. All accounts were kept in the pounds, shillings, pence, and farthings of the mother country. For more than half a century, the law of Oct. 18, 1631, was in active operation here. That law was as follows :-- It is ordered that corn shall pass for payment of all debts, at the usual rate it is sold for, except money or beaver be expressly named. Oct. 3, 1633: It is agreed that the best sort of laborers shall not take above eighteen-pence a day, if they diet themselves; and not above eightpence a day, if they have diet found them. Further, it is ordered that all workmen shall work the whole day, allowing convenient tine for food and rest. Nov. 8, 1633 : Ordered that no persons shall sell to any of the inhabitants within this jurisdiction any provision, clothing, tools, or other commodities, above the rate of fourpence in a shilling more th
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