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Cornelius Tacitus, The History (ed. Alfred John Church, William Jackson Brodribb), BOOK
I, chapter 26 (search)
The contagion
spread to the legions and the auxiliary troops, already excited by the news
of the wavering loyalty of the army of Germany. So
ripe were the disaffected for mutiny and so close the secresy preserved by
the loyal, that they would actually have seized Otho on the 14th of January,
as he was returning from dinner, had they not been deterred by the risks of
darkness, the inconvenient dispersion of the troops over the whole city, and
the difficulty of concerted action among a half-intoxicated crowd. It was no
care for the state, which they deliberately meditated polluting with the
blood of their Emperor; it was a fear lest in the darkness of night any one
who presented himself to the
DISAFFECTION OF
SOLDIERY
soldiers of the Pannonian or German army might be fixed on
instead of Otho, whom few of them knew. Many symptoms of the approaching
outburst were repressed by those who were in the secret. Some hints, which
had reached Galba's ears, were turned into ridicule
Cornelius Tacitus, The History (ed. Alfred John Church, William Jackson Brodribb), BOOK
I, chapter 50 (search)
The alarm of
the capital, which trembled to see the atrocity of these recent crimes, and
to think of the old character of Otho, was heightened into terror by fresh
news about Vitellius, news which had been suppressed before the murder of
Galba, in order to make it appear that only the army of Upper Germany had revolted. That two men, who for
shamelessness, indolence, and profligacy, were the most worthless of
mortals, had been selected, it would seem, by some fatality to ruin the
Empire, became the open complaint, not only of the Senate and the Knights,
who had some stake and interest in the country, but even of the common
people. It was no longer to the late horrors of a dreadful peace, but to the
recollections of the civil wars, that men recurred, speaking of how the
capital had been taken by Roman armies, how Italy
had been wasted and the provinces spoiled, of Pharsalia, Philippi, Perusia, and Mutina, and all the
familiar names of great public disasters. "The world,"
Cornelius Tacitus, The History (ed. Alfred John Church, William Jackson Brodribb), BOOK
I, chapter 52 (search)
Just before December 1 in
the preceding year, Aulus Vitellius had visited Lower
Germany, and had carefully inspected the winter quarters of the
legions. Many had their rank restored to them, sentences of degradation were
cancelled, and marks of disgrace partially removed. In most cases he did but
court popularity, in some he exercised a sound discretion, making a salutary
change from the meanness and rapacity which Fonteius Capito had shown in
bestowing and withdrawing promotion. But he seemed a greater personage than
a simple consular legate, and all his acts were invested with an unusual
importance. Though sterner judges pronounced Vitellius to be a man of low
tastes, those who were partial to him attributed to geniality and good
nature the immoderate and indiscriminate prodigality, with which he gave
away what was his own, and squandered what did not belong to him. Besides
this, men themselves eager for power were ready to represent his very vices
as virtues. As there
Cornelius Tacitus, The History (ed. Alfred John Church, William Jackson Brodribb), BOOK
I, chapter 53 (search)
These arguments roused the
indolent temper of the man, yet roused him rather to wish than to hope for
the throne. Meanwhile however in Upper Germany
Cæcina, young and handsome, of commanding stature, and of boundless
ambition, had attracted the favour of the soldiery by his skilful oratory
and his dignified mien. This man had, when quæstor in Bætica, attached himself with zeal to the party of
Galba, who had appointed him, young as he was, to the command of a legion,
but, it being afterwards discovered that he had embezzled the public money,
Galba directed that he should be prosecuted for peculation. Cæcina,
grievously offended, determined to throw everything into confusion, and
under the disasters of his country to conceal his private dishonour. There
were not wanting in the army itself the elements of civil strife. The whole
of it had taken part in the war against Vindex; it had not passed over to
Galba till Nero fell; even then in this transference of its allegiance it
Cornelius Tacitus, The History (ed. Alfred John Church, William Jackson Brodribb), BOOK
I, chapter 56 (search)
Cornelius Tacitus, The History (ed. Alfred John Church, William Jackson Brodribb), BOOK
I, chapter 57 (search)
The nearest winter-quarters
were those of the first legion, and Fabius Valens was the most energetic of
the legates. This officer in the course of the following day entered the Colonia Agrippinensis with the cavalry of the legion and
of the auxiliaries, and together with them saluted Vitellius as Emperor. All
the legions belonging to the same province followed his example with
prodigious zeal, and the army of Upper Germany
abandoned the specious names of the Senate and people of Rome, and on the 3rd of January declared for Vitellius.
One could be sure that during those previous two days it had not really been
the army of the State. The inhabitants of Colonia
Agrippinensis, the Treveri, and the Lingones, shewed as much zeal as
the army, making offers of personal service, of horses, of arms and of
money, according as each felt himself able to assist the cause by his own
exertions, by his wealth, or by his talents. Nor was this done only by the
leading men in the colonies or
Cornelius Tacitus, The History (ed. Alfred John Church, William Jackson Brodribb), BOOK
I, chapter 61 (search)
After the army of
Britain had joined him, Vitellius, who had now a
prodigious force and vast resources, determined that there should be two
generals and two lines of march for the contemplated war. Fabius Valens was
ordered to win over, if possible, or, if they refused his overtures, to
ravage the provinces of Gaul and to invade Italy by way of the Cottian
Alps; Cæcina to take the nearer route, and to march down from
the
Penine range. To Valens were entrusted the picked troops of the army of
Lower Germany with the eagle of the 5th legion and
the auxiliary infantry and cavalry, to the number of 40,000 armed men;
Cæcina commanded 30,000 from Upper Germany,
the strength of his force being one legion, the 21st. Both had also some
German auxiliaries, and from this source Vitellius, who was to follow with
his whole military strength, completed his own force
Richard Hakluyt, The Principal Navigations, Voyages, Traffiques, and Discoveries of the English Nation, The letters sent from the Imperiall Musulmanlike highnesse of Zuldan Murad Can , to the sacred regall Majestie of Elizabeth Queene of England
, the fifteenth of March 1579
Richard Hakluyt, The Principal Navigations, Voyages, Traffiques, and Discoveries of the English Nation, Remembrances for master S. to give him the better occasion to informe himselfe of some things in England , and after of some other things in Turkie , to the great profite of the Common weale of this Countrey . Written by the foresayd master Richard Hakluyt , for a principall English Factor at Constantinople 1582 . (search)
Richard Hakluyt, The Principal Navigations, Voyages, Traffiques, and Discoveries of the English Nation, Other some things to be remembred. (search)