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A. P. Hill (search for this): chapter 34
cupy it first. I, therefore, ordered Buford, with the first division of cavalry, to move from Middletown by the way of Emmettsburg to Gettysburg, and to hold that position at all hazards until the army could support him. In obedience to these orders, Buford arrived at Gettysburg on the afternoon of June 30th, and obtaining information that Lee was in force on the Cashtown road, he moved out on that road some four miles beyond Gettysburg, and encamped for the night. Early next morning General A. P. Hill attacked him in force, but the nature of the ground was such that Buford, with his splendid fighting, restrained the superior force against him until Reynolds and Howard and others came up, and saved the position to the Army of the Potomac. General Longstreet states that this rencontre was totally unexpected on both sides. The above statement shows that the General is mistaken in supposing the rencontre was unexpected on our side. Buford's judgment in believing he would be attacked
Alfred Pleasonton (search for this): chapter 34
The campaign of Gettysburg. Major General Alfred Pleasonton. The history of the Army of the Potomac in the Gettysburg campaign has never been written. That army was unfortunate in having two commanders, General Hooker having been relieved at Frederick City, Maryland, about a week before the battle of Gettysburg, by General Meade. General Meade's report of the campaign embraces only the time he was in command, and, as a consequence, the operations of the army up to Frederick City are not recorded, except in subordinate reports. As the commander of the Cavalry Corps of the Army of the Potomac, I occupied the same personal relations to the commanders of that army-Generals Hooker and Meade--that General Longstreet held with General Lee. I, therefore, feel constrained to review the campaign of Gettysburg, as presented by General Longstreet, to enable the public to arrive at a proper understanding of the relative merits of the armies of the North and South in that campaign. Genera
Turner Ashby (search for this): chapter 34
s, on each side, being engaged in charging each other; but such was the dash and spirit of our cavalry that the enemy could not withstand it, and retreated through Ashby's gap badly worsted. General Buford, on the right, sent some parties to the top of the Blue Ridge, and they reported large masses of infantry and camps in the Sheocated. This he was doing when he attempted to pass the Bull Run mountains; but, unfortunately for Stuart, the enemy harassed him so much, and drove him back into Ashby's gap in such condition that he was unable to reach the Potomac in time to see the enemy cross. General Stuart, at Ashby's gap on the 21st of June, was as ignoraAshby's gap on the 21st of June, was as ignorant of the position of Hooker's army as were Generals Lee and Longstreet, on the 27th of June, at Chambersburg. That Lee and Longstreet should have hurried on to Chambersburg under such conditions, is best explained by the ancient adage : Whom the gods wish to destroy they first make mad. Generals Lee and Longstreet lay great stre
Kilpatrick (search for this): chapter 34
he Potomac had effectually prevented Lee's cavalry from obtaining any information in Virginia with reference to the movements of that army. Now, on arriving at Frederick City, Maryland, my corps was reinforced by a third division, commanded by Kilpatrick, Custer, and Farnsworth, and it is assuming nothing to assert that what had been done by my two divisions in Virginia could be accomplished by three divisions with more ease and certainty in Maryland. Two days after I arrived at Frederick Cthe north of our army, in which event I should have the cavalry so placed that he would not be able to escape us. General Meade then decided to leave the affair with me, and, as I expected, three or four days after, near a place called Hanover, Kilpatrick's Division met Stuart's command loaded down with plunder, which was recaptured, and, after a severe fight, Stuart was compelled to make such a detour that he only joined Lee at Gettysburg on the second day of the battle, July 2d. The Army o
George E. Pickett (search for this): chapter 34
our right had given way, these batteries were to be sent to its support. But finding our right could not hold its own, and our batteries on the left had suffered, these splendid batteries were placed in position on the left in time to meet General Pickett's charge. I am not, therefore, surprised when General Longstreet states, That when the smoke cleared away Pickett's Division was gone, and that mortal man could not have stood that fire. I do not propose to follow General Longstreet throuPickett's Division was gone, and that mortal man could not have stood that fire. I do not propose to follow General Longstreet through the details of the battle of Gettysburg. The charges of the Southern soldiers on the 2d and 3d of July were magnificent, and did them the highest honor. But this was not war. Napoleon I. laid down the maxim that a general who disregards the principles of war at the commencement of a campaign, finds himself overwhelmed by the consequences when the crisis of battle arrives. The campaign of Gettysburg is a good illustration of the truth of this maxim. General Lee violated the principles of
John Minor Botts (search for this): chapter 34
m in that vicinity, I directed General Buford to advance his right, while the left was extended in the direction of Brandy Station. The enemy's cavalry, well supplied with artillery, fought with great stubbornness, and it was one o'clock in the day before I made any communication with Gregg. He informed me that he had been actively engaged all day; that the enemy were running trains full of infantry from Culpepper to Brandy Station, and massing them in the woods near the residence of John Minor Botts. Gregg was then directed to withdraw and recross the river at the railroad bridge, which he did without difficulty. I held my position, covering Beverly ford, until Gregg's crossing was assured, and then withdrew. The last gun was fired at seven in the evening. Such was the action of Beverly ford, which General Longstreet calls Brandy Station. It was a roconnoissance in force, in which some of the hardest fighting of the war had to be done. It accomplished more than was expecte
Adelbert Ames (search for this): chapter 34
e reinforced with some infantry. The General told me to take what infantry I wanted, but not to fail, as he considered the information to be obtained of the utmost importance to the coming campaign. I selected three thousand infantry, under Generals Ames and D. A. Russell. On the 8th of June, I directed General Gregg to cross the Rappahannock at Kelly's ford, at daylight on the morning of the 9th, with the Second Division of cavalry and Russell's infantry, while I would cross with Buford's Division of cavalry and Ames' infantry, and join him at Brandy Station. The two fords were about eight miles apart, Brandy Station being nearly in the apex of the triangle, three miles south of the river, and a good position from which to operate on Culpepper, in case it became necessary to move in that direction. The movement was a reconnoissance in force to gain information. It was my duty not to seek a fight and not to avoid one--to distribute my force in such manner as to give the best opp
George G. Meade (search for this): chapter 34
he battle of Gettysburg, by General Meade. General Meade's report of the campaign embraces only thewo days after I arrived at Frederick City, General Meade relieved General Hooker of the command of of the Potomac. On assuming the command, General Meade sent for me, and in strong terms deprecateed that he would not be able to escape us. General Meade then decided to leave the affair with me, daylight on the morning of the 2d of July, General Meade requested me to ride over the position wit been decided. In examining the position, General Meade was strongly impressed that our right was Lee, having been the constant companion of General Meade from the time he assumed the command at Frcharge on July 3d, it became necessary for General Meade to decide at once what to do. I rode up toas retreating that I again earnestly urged General Meade to advance the army; but instead of doing oners, and were in such position that, had General Meade followed Lee on the 4th of July, the surre[12 more...]
R. E. Lee (search for this): chapter 34
nd Meade--that General Longstreet held with General Lee. I, therefore, feel constrained to review at on the 3d of June, 1863, the movement of General Lee's army from Fredericksburg commenced, and tin force, but it apprised General Hooker of General Lee's intention to invade the North. In reporte Army of the Potomac had effectually prevented Lee's cavalry from obtaining any information in Virgain; we have done well enough. I replied that Lee had exhausted all his available men; that the ctwo days. General Meade declined to attack, and Lee's army escaped. The cavalry rendered importants of the war were Washington and Richmond. Had Lee's army captured Washington and held it, the Souion by France and England. In the first place, Lee's army was not in a condition to make that campf the campaign did not include the surrender of Lee's army, was due to the action and inaction of tr committed by Lee in his Gettysburg campaign), Lee's reputation as a general rests on the splendid[52 more...]
Custer (search for this): chapter 34
with reference to the movements of that army. Now, on arriving at Frederick City, Maryland, my corps was reinforced by a third division, commanded by Kilpatrick, Custer, and Farnsworth, and it is assuming nothing to assert that what had been done by my two divisions in Virginia could be accomplished by three divisions with more eis first dispatch to Washington, and in the afternoon he received the reply making the appointments, and directing the officers to be assigned at once. They were Custer, Merritt, and Farnsworth; all three young captains, and two of them, Custer and Farnsworth, my aides-de-camp. While the General and myself were in conversation iCuster and Farnsworth, my aides-de-camp. While the General and myself were in conversation in reference to the campaign a second dispatch was brought him, stating that Stuart, with his cavalry, were making a raid near Washington City, and had cut the wires, so that we had no telegraphic communication. I laughed at this news, and said Stuart has served us better than he is aware of; we shall now have no instructions fro
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