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Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Scherzer, Karl von 1821- (search)
Scherzer, Karl von 1821- Explorer; born in Vienna, Austria, May 1, 1821; participated in the discussion of social reforms during the revolution; exiled to Italy in 1850; came to the United States in 1852, and explored large parts of North America; sailed around the world in the frigate Novara in 1857-59; and became Austrian consul-general in Genoa in 1884. He was the author of Travels in North America; The republic of Costa Rica; Statistical and commercial part of the Novara expedition, etc.
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Treaties. (search)
rce, navigationWashingtonAug. 26, 1829 Treaty of Commerce and navigationWashingtonMay 8, 1848 Convention of ExtraditionWashingtonJuly 3, 1856 Austria-Hungary: Convention of Rights of consulsWashingtonJuly 11, 1870 Convention of NaturalizationViennaSept. 20, 1870 Convention of Trade-marksViennaNov. 25, 1871 Baden: Convention of ExtraditionBerlinJan. 30, 1857 Treaty of NaturalizationCarlsruheJuly 19, 1868 Bavaria: Convention of Abolishing droit d'aubaine and taxes on emigrationBerlinJanViennaNov. 25, 1871 Baden: Convention of ExtraditionBerlinJan. 30, 1857 Treaty of NaturalizationCarlsruheJuly 19, 1868 Bavaria: Convention of Abolishing droit d'aubaine and taxes on emigrationBerlinJan. 21, 1845 Convention of ExtraditionLondonSept. 12, 1853 Treaty of Citizenship of emigrantsMunichMay 26, 1868 Belgium: Treaty of Commerce and navigationBrusselsNov. 10, 1845 Convention of Peace, amity, commerce, etcWashingtonJuly 17, 1858 Convention of Completing treaty of 1858BrusselsMay 20, 1863 Treaty of To extinguish Scheldt duesBrusselsJuly 20, 1863 Convention of NaturalizationBrusselsNov. 16, 1868 Convention of Trade-marksBrusselsDec. 20, 1868 Convention of ExtraditionWashingtonM
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Treaty of Aix-la-chapelle, (search)
Treaty of Aix-la-chapelle, A treaty between Great Britain, France, Holland, Germany, Spain, and Greece; signed by the representatives of these respective powers on Oct. 18 (N. S.), 1748. By it the treaties of Westphalia (1648), of Nimeguen (1678-79), of Ryswick (1697), of Utrecht (1713), of Baden (1714), of the Triple Alliance (1717), of the Quadruple Alliance (1718), and of Vienna (1738), were renewed and confirmed. It was fondly hoped this treaty would insure a permanent peace for Europe. It was, however, only a truce between France and England, contending for dominion in America. The English regarded as encroachments the erection by the French of about twenty forts, besides block-houses and tradingposts, within claimed English domain. So while Acadia (q. v.) furnished one field for hostilities between the two nations, the country along the lakes and in the Ohio and Mississippi valleys furnished another.
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Weather Bureau. (search)
sea-coasts and lakes begun......Oct. 24, 1871 Signal service changed to extend its researches in the interest of agriculture, by act approved......June 10, 1872 Signal-service stations established at light-house and life-saving stations on the lakes and sea-coast, by act of......March 3, 1873 Monthly weather review first published......1873 System of international co-operative simultaneous weather observation, proposed by General Myer at the congress of meteorologists convened at Vienna, is begun......September, 1873 All Smithsonian weather observers transferred to the signal service at the instance of Prof. Joseph Henry......Feb. 2, 1874 Meteorological reports of army post surgeons ordered by the surgeon-general to be sent to the chief signal office......June 19, 1874 Daily publication of Bulletin of international simultaneous meteorological observations of the Northern Hemisphere begun at Washington......Jan. 1, 1875 Publication of graphic synoptic Internatio
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Webb, James Watson 1802-1884 (search)
Webb, James Watson 1802-1884 Journalist; born in Claverack, N. Y., Feb. 8, 1802; entered the army in 1819, was first lieutenant in 1823, and resigned in 1827, when he became a journalist, soon taking a leading position in that profession as editor and proprietor of the New York Courier and Enquirer. In 1850 he was appointed charge d'affaires at the Court of Vienna, but the Senate did not confirm the nomination. In 1861 he was appointed minister to Brazil, where he settled longpending claims against that government; and he was chiefly instrumental, through his personal intimacy with Napoleon III., in procuring the withdrawal of the French troops from Mexico. For many years he exerted a powerful influence in the politics of the United States. Among his special publications are Altowan, or incidents of life and adventure in the Rocky Mountains; Slavery and its tendency; and a treatise on National currency. He died in New York City, June 7, 1884.
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Wood, Walter Abbott 1815-1892 (search)
Wood, Walter Abbott 1815-1892 Manufacturer; born in Mason, N. H., Oct. 23, 1815; received a common school education; removed to Hoosic Falls in 1835, where he established himself as a manufacturer of reapers, mowers, and binders. He was elected to Congress in 1878 and 1880; served on the committees on public expenditures and on expenditures in the Interior Department; received the first prizes for the exhibit of his inventions at the world's fairs in London, Paris, Vienna, and Philadelphia. He died in Hoosic Falls, N. Y., Jan. 15, 1892.
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Zionists, (search)
Zionists, The name applied to those Jews in various parts of the world who have organized themselves into an association to promote the settlement of Jewish colonies in the Holy Land. Out of this movement grew a project for the founding of a purely Jewish political state in Palestine, the chief advocate of which was Dr. Theodore Herzl, editor of the Neue Freie Presse of Vienna. The Holy Land is under the political control of Turkey, and while that country is willing to permit the Jews to colonize there for industrial purposes it has distinctly declared that it will not permit the erection of an independent state. This determination confines the work of the Zionists, especially the Federation of American Zionists, to the purely industrial colonization of the ancient home of the race. A convention of Zionists was held in Basle, Switzerland, in August, 1897, when Max Nordau, summarized the reasons for forming the association and stated its aims. Throughout Europe, he said, the
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), B. (search)
tary. The Chinese and Mandshu words for bell are onomatopoetic, being respectively tsiang-tsiang and tang-tang. The weight, dimensions, and date of casting, of some of the largest bells in the world are stated to be as follows: — Weight.Diameter.Thickness. Pounds.Ft. In.Inches. Moscow (Kremlin), Cast in 155336,000 Cast in 1654288,000 Fell in 1703. Recast in 1733432,00021.23 Broken in 1737. Moscow (St. Ivan's)127,830 Burmah (Amarapoora)260,000 Pekin130,000 Novogorod62,000 Vienna (1711）40,2009.8 Olmutz40,000 Rouen40,000 Sens34,0008.6 Erfurth30,800 Westminster ( Big Ben, 1858）30,324 London (Houses of Parliament)30,000 Paris (Notre Dame, 1680）28,6728.67 1/2 Montreal (1847）28,5608.68 1/4 Cologne25,000 New York (City Hall）23,0008.6 1/2 to 7 New York (Fire-alarm, 33d Street）21,612 York ( Great Peter, 1845）10 3/4 tons.8.3 Weight.Diameter.Thickness. Pounds.Ft. In.Inches. Bruges23,000 Rome (St. Peters, 1680）18,600 Oxford ( Great Tom, 1680）18
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), G. (search)
ss, so as to build up lenses of flintglass of fine quality. Guinand joined Frauenhofer in Munich in 1805, and returned to his native canton in 1814, where he died, and was succeeded in his business by his sons. Glass-spin′ning. Brunfaut of Vienna works a process in which he makes curled or frizzled yarn of glass. The composition is a secret. One workman with a wheel having a diameter of 5 Austrian yards will spin 3,500 yards per minute. It is used for many descriptions of fabric and fosthorn (Austrian) alloys are known as sterro-metal. One variety is soft, ductile, and capable of being worked into sheets or wire. The other is hard, and is represented as suitable for ordnance. From experiments made at the Imperial arsenal at Vienna, its tensile strength was, after single fusion, 28 tons to the square inch; after forging at a red heat, 32 tons; drawn cold and reduced from 100 to 77 sectional area, 37 tons. The metal thus tested contained a rather less proportion of tin and
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), N. (search)
and other tools. It is frequently termed German steel, being largely produced in Germany. Na′ture-print′ing. A process in which impressions which may be printed from are obtained from objects, such as leaves, fibers, lace, etc. In one method the object, such as a fern frond, is placed between a steel plate and one of heated lead and subjected to a strong pressure, forming an exact intaglio copy in the lead from which impressions are taken. This process was introduced by Auer of Vienna. A process allied to the above consists in the application of successive layers of gutta-percha, — to fossil fishes, for instance, — and a mold obtained, which, being submitted to the action of a voltaic battery, is coated with copper, forming a plate on which all the markings of the fish are obtained in relief, the plate being used to obtain impressions by the ordinary typographic printing process. By a third method the grain or markings of wood are transferred directly from the wo
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