Edward William Lane, An Arabic-English Lexicon, ت

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alphabetical letter ت ت The third letter of the alphabet: called تَآءٌ and تَا [respecting which latter see the letter ب]: the pl. [of the former is تَآءَاتٌ; and of the latter,] أَتْوَآءُ. (TA in باب الالف الليِنّة.) It is one of the letters termed مَهْمُوسَة [or non-vocal, i. e. pronounced with the breath only, without the voice], and of those termed نِطَعِيَّة [and نِطْعِيَّة and نَطَعِيَّة and نَطْعِيَّة pronounced by pressing the tip of the tongue against the upper gums and suddenly withdrawing it with an emission of the breath]: these latter are ط and د and ت, three letters that are among those which are changed into other letters. (TA at the commencement of باب التآء.) -A2- It is one of the augmentative letters: (S:) and is movent when added at the beginning of a noun, and at the end of a noun, [and at the beginning of a verb,] and at the end of a verb, and is also quiescent at the end of a verb. (Mughnee, K.) -A3- Added at the beginning of a noun, it is a preposition, or particle governing the gen. case, significant of swearing, (S, * Mughnee, K,) and denoting wonder; (Mughnee, K;) and [accord. to general usage] it is peculiarly prefixed to the name اللّٰه; (S, Mughnee, K;) as in تَا@للّٰهِ لَقَدْ كَانَ كَذَا [By God, verily it was thus, or verily such a thing was]; (S;) and تَا@للّٰهِ لَأَفْعَلَنَّ كَذَا [By God, I will assuredly do such a thing]: (TA:) but sometimes they said, تَرَبِّى [By my Lord], and تَرَبِّ الكَعْبَةِ [By the Lord of the Kaabeh], and تَا@لرَّحْمَانِ [By the Compassionate], (Mughnee, K,) as is related on the authority of Akh; deviating from common usage. (TA.) Thus used, it is a substitute for و, (S, Mughnee,) as it is also in تَتْرَى and تُرَاثٌ and تُجَاهَ and تُخَمَةٌ [&c.]; (S;) and the و is a substitute for ب; (S, Mughnee;) but the ت has the additional meaning of denoting wonder: so says Z. (Mughnee.) -A4- Added at the end of a noun, it is a particle of allocution: (Mughnee, K:) it is thus added in أَنْتَ [Thou], (S, Mughnee, K,) addressed to a male, (TA,) and أَنْتِ [Thou], (Mughnee, K,) addressed to a female; (TA;) uniting with the noun, as though the two became one; not being an affixed noun governed in the gen. case. (S. [See أَنْ.]) -A5- It is added in [the beginning of] the second person of the future, (S,) [i. e.,] in the beginning of the aor., (TA,) [as a particle of allocution,] as in أَنْتَ تَفْعَلُ [Thou dost, or wilt do]. (S, TA.) ― -b2- It is also added, as a sign of the fem. gender, in the beginning of the future, [or aor.,] as in هِىَ تَفْعَلُ [She does, or will do]. (S, TA.) ― -b3- It is also added in the beginning of the third person [fem.] of the [aor. used as an] imperative, [as a sign of the fem. gender,] as in لِتَقُمْ هِنْدُ [Let Hind stand]. (TA.) ― -b4- And sometimes it is added in the beginning of the second person of the [aor. used as an] imperative, [as a particle of allocution,] as in the phrase in the Kur [x. 59, accord. to one reading], فَبِذٰلِكَ فَلْتَفْرَحُوا [Therefore therein rejoice ye]: and in the saying of the rájiz, “ تِئْذَنْ فَإِِنِّى حَمْؤُهَا وَجَارُهَا
قُلْتُ لِبَوَّابٍ لَدَيْهِ دَارُهَا
” [explained in art.اذن]: and [thus] it is added in the beginning of [the second person of] the [aor. used as an] imperative of a verb of which the agent is not named, as in لِتُزْهَ يَا رَجُلُ [Be thou proud, vain, boastful, or self-conceited, O man], from زُهِىَ: but Akh says that the adding of the ل in the beginning of the second person of the [aor. used as an] imperative [except in the case of a pass. verb or a verb of which the agent is not named] is a bad idiom, because the ل is not needed. (S, TA.) -A6- The movent ت added at the end of a verb is a pronoun, as in قُمْتُ [I stood], (Mughnee, K,) and قُمْتَ [Thou stoodest, addressed to a male], and قُمْتِ [Thou stoodest, addressed to a female]: (Mughnee:) thus added in the first and second persons of the pret., it is a pronoun denoting the agent. (S.) ― -b2- The quiescent ت added at the end of a verb is a sign of the fem. gender, (Mughnee, K,) i. e., a particle applied to denote the fem. gender, (Mughnee,) as in قَامَتْ [She stood]. (Mughnee, K.) J says [in the S] that, when thus added at the end of the pret., it is a pronoun: but IB says [correctly] that it is a particle. (TA.) -A7- It is also, sometimes, affixed to ثُمَّ and رُبَّ; and in these cases it is most commonly movent with fet-h, (Mughnee, K,) so that one says ثُمَّتَ and رُبَّتَ. (TA.) [See arts. ثم and رب.] -A8- تِ is an imperative of أَتَى. (M in art. اتى.) -A9- [As a numeral, ت denotes Four hundred.]