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BOOK I.
BOOK II. AN ACCOUNT OF THE WORLD AND THE ELEMENTS.
BOOK III. AN ACCOUNT OF COUNTRIES, NATIONS, SEAS, TOWNS, HAVENS, MOUNTAINS, RIVERS, DISTANCES, AND PEOPLES WHO NOW EXIST OR FORMERLY EXISTED.
BOOK IV. AN ACCOUNT OF COUNTRIES, NATIONS, SEAS, TOWNS,
HAVENS, MOUNTAINS, RIVERS, DISTANCES, AND PEOPLES WHO NOW EXIST OR
FORMERLY EXISTED.
BOOK V.
AN ACCOUNT OF COUNTRIES, NATIONS, SEAS, TOWNS, HAVENS, MOUNTAINS, RIVERS, DISTANCES, AND PEOPLES WHO NOW EXIST OR FORMERLY EXISTED.
BOOK VI. AN ACCOUNT OF COUNTRIES, NATIONS, SEAS, TOWNS,
HAVENS, MOUNTAINS, RIVERS, DISTANCES, AND PEOPLES
WHO NOW EXIST, OR FORMERLY EXISTED.
BOOK VII.
MAN, HIS BIRTH, HIS ORGANIZATION, AND THE INVENTION OF THE ARTS.
BOOK VIII. THE NATURE OF THE TERRESTRIAL ANIMALS.
BOOK IX. THE NATURAL HISTORY OF FISHES.
BOOK X. THE NATURAL HISTORY OF BIRDS.
BOOK XI. THE VARIOUS KINDS OF INSECTS.
BOOK XII. THE NATURAL HISTORY OF TREES
BOOK XIII. THE NATURAL HISTORY OF EXOTIC TREES, AND AN
ACCOUNT OF UNGUENTS.
BOOK XIV. THE NATURAL HISTORY OF THE FRUIT TREES.
BOOK XV. THE NATURAL HISTORY OF THE FRUIT-TREES.
BOOK XVI. THE NATURAL HISTORY OF THE FOREST TREES.
BOOK XVII. THE NATURAL HISTORY OF THE CULTIVATED TREES.
BOOK XVIII. THE NATURAL HISTORY OF GRAIN.
BOOK XIX.
THE NATURE AND CULTIVATION OF FLAX, AND AN
ACCOUNT OF VARIOUS GARDEN PLANTS.
BOOK XX.
REMEDIES DERIVED FROM THE GARDEN PLANTS.
BOOK XXI.
AN ACCOUNT OF FLOWERS. AND THOSE USED FOR
CHAPLETS MORE PARTICULARLY.
BOOK XXII.
THE PROPERTIES OF PLANTS AND FRUITS.
BOOK XXIII.
THE REMEDIES DERIVED FROM THE CULTIVATED TREES.
BOOK XXIV.
THE REMEDIES DERIVED FROM THE FOREST TREES.
BOOK XXV.
THE NATURAL HISTORY OF WILD PLANT
BOOK XXVI.
A CONTINUATION OF THE REMEDIES DERIVED FROM
PLANTS, CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO PARTICULAR
DISEASES.
BOOK XXVII.
A DESCRIPTION OF PLANTS, AND OF THE REMEDIES DERIVED FROM THEM.
BOOK XXVIII.
REMEDIES DERIVED FROM LIVING CREATURES.
BOOK XXIX.
REMEDIES DERIVED FROM LIVING CREATURES.
BOOK XXX.
REMEDIES DERIEVED FROM LIVING CREATURES.
BOOK XXXI.
REMEDIES DERIVED FROM THE AQUATIC PRODUCTION
BOOK XXXII.
REMEDIES DERIVED FROM AQUATIC ANIMALS.
BOOK XXXIII.
THE NATURAL HISTORY OF METALS.
BOOK XXXIV.
THE NATURAL HISTORY OF METALS.
BOOK XXXV.
AN ACCOUNT OF PAINTINGS AND COLOURS.
BOOK XXXVI.
THE NATURAL HISTORY OF STONES.
BOOK XXXVII.
THE NATURAL HISTORY OF PRECIOUS STONES.
chapter:
CHAP. 1. (1.)—METALS.
CHAP. 2.—GOLD.
CHAP. 3.—WHAT WAS THE FIRST RECOMMENDATION OF GOLD.
CHAP. 4.—THE ORIGIN OF GOLD RINGS.
CHAP. 5.—THE QUANTITY OF GOLD POSSESSED BY THE ANCIENTS.
CHAP. 6.—THE RIGHT OF WEARING GOLD RINGS.
CHAP. 7.—THE DECURIES OF THE JUDGES.
CHAP. 8.—PARTICULARS CONNECTED WITH THE EQUESTRIAN ORDER.
CHAP. 9.—HOWOFTEN THE NAME OF THE EQUESTRIAN ORDER
HAS BEEN CHANGED.
CHAP. 10.—GIFTS FOR MILITARY SERVICES, IN GOLD AND SILVER.
CHAP. 11.—AT WHAT PERIOD THE FIRST CROWN OF GOLD WAS
PRESENTED.
CHAP. 12. (3.)—OTHER USES MADE OF GOLD, BY FEMALES.
CHAP. 13.—COINS OF GOLD. AT WHAT PERIODS COPPER, GOLD,
AND SILVER WERE FIRST IMPRESSED. HOW COPPER WAS USED
BEFORE GOLD AND SILVER WERE COINED. WHAT WAS THE
LARGEST SUM OF MONEY POSSESSED BY ANY ONE AT THE TIME
OF OUR FIRST CENSUS. HOW OFTEN, AND AT WHAT PERIODS,
THE VALUE OF COPPER AND OF COINED MONEY HAS BEEN
CHANGED.
CHAP. 14.—CONSIDERATIONS ON MAN'S CUPIDITY FOR GOLD.
CHAP. 15.—THE PERSONS WHO HAVE POSSESSED THE GREATEST QUANTITY OF GOLD AND SILVER.
CHAP. 16.—AT WHAT PERIOD SILVER FIRST MADE ITS APPEARANCE UPON THE ARENA AND UPON THE STAGE.
CHAP. 17.—AT WHAT PERIODS THERE WAS THE GREATEST QUANTITY OF GOLD AND SILVER IN THE TREASURY OF THE ROMAN PEOPLE.
CHAP. 18.—AT WHAT PERIOD CEILINGS WERE FIRST GILDED.
CHAP. 19.—FOR WHAT REASONS THE HIGHEST VALUE IS SET UPON GOLD.
CHAP. 20.—THE METHOD OF GILDING.
CHAP. 21. (4.)—HOW GOLD IS FOUND.
CHAP. 22.—ORPIMENT.
CHAP. 23.—ELECTRUM.
CHAP. 24.—THE FIRST STATUES OF GOLD.
CHAP. 25.—EIGHT REMEDIES DERIVED FROM GOLD.
CHAP. 26. (5.)—CHRYSOCOLLA.
CHAP. 27.—THE USE MADE OF CHRYSOCOLLA IN PAINTING.
CHAP. 28.—SEVEN REMEDIES DERIVED FROM CHRYSOCOLLA.
CHAP. 29.—THE CHRYSOCOLLA OF THE GOLDSMITHS, KNOWN ALSO
AS SANTERNA.
CHAP. 30.—THE MARVELLOUS OPERATIONS OF NATURE IN SOLDERING
METALLIC SUBSTANCES, AND BRINGING THEM TO A STATE OF
PERFECTION.
CHAP. 31. (6.)—SILVER.
CHAP. 32.—QUICKSILVER.
CHAP. 33.—STIMMI, STIBI, ALABASTRUM, LARBASIS, OR PLATYOPHTHALMON.
CHAP. 34.—SEVEN REMEDIES DERIVED FROM STIMMI.
CHAP. 35.—THE SCORIA OF SILVER. SIX REMEDIES DERIVED FROM IT.
CHAP. 36. (7.)—MINIUM: FOR WHAT RELIGIOUS PURPOSES IT
WAS USED BY THE ANCIENTS.
CHAP. 37.—THE DISCOVERY AND ORIGIN OF MINIUM.
CHAP. 38.—CINNABARIS.
CHAP. 39.—THE EMPLOYMENT OF CINNABARIS IN PAINTING.
CHAP. 40.—THE VARIOUS KINDS OF MINIUM. THE USE MADE OF
IT IN PAINTING.
CHAP. 41. (8.)—HYDRARGYROS. REMEDIES DERIVED FROM MINIUM.
CHAP. 42.—THE METHOD OF GILDING SILVER.
CHAP. 43.—TOUCHSTONES FOR TESTING GOLD.
CHAP. 44.—THE DIFFERENT KINDS OF SILVER, AND THE MODES
OF TESTING IT.
CHAP. 45. (9.)—MIRRORS.
CHAP. 46.—EGYPTIAN SILVER.
CHAP. 47. (10.)—INSTANCES OF IMMENSE WEALTH. PERSONS
WHO HAVE POSSESSED THE GREATEST SUMS OF MONEY.
CHAP. 48.—AT WHAT PERIOD THE ROMAN PEOPLE FIRST MADE
VOLUNTARY CONTRIBUTIONS.
CHAP. 49. (11.)—INSTANCES OF LUXURY IN SILVER PLATE.
CHAP. 50.—INSTANCES OF THE FRUGALITY OF THE ANCIENTS IN
REFERENCE TO SILVER PLATE.
CHAP. 51.—AT WHAT PERIOD SILVER WAS FIRST USED AS AN
ORNAMENT FOR COUCHES.
CHAP. 52.—AT WHAT PERIOD SILVER CHARGERS OF ENORMOUS
SIZE WERE FIRST MADE. WHEN SILVER WAS FIRST USED AS
A MATERIAL FOR SIDEBOARDS. WHEN THE SIDEBOARDS CALLED
TYMPANA WERE FIRST INTRODUCED.
CHAP. 53.—THE ENORMOUS PRICE OF SILVER PLATE.
CHAP. 54. (12.)—STATUES OF SILVER.
CHAP. 55.—THE MOST REMARKABLE WORKS IN SILVER, AND THE
NAMES OF THE MOST FAMOUS ARTISTS IN SILVER.
CHAP. 56.—SIL: THE PERSONS WHO FIRST USED IT IN PAINTING,
AND THE METHOD THEY ADOPTED.
CHAP. 57. (13.)—CÆRULEUM.
CHAP. 58.—TWO REMEDIES DERIVED FROM CÆRULEUM.
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Table of Contents:
BOOK VII.
MAN, HIS BIRTH, HIS ORGANIZATION, AND THE INVENTION OF THE ARTS.
BOOK X. THE NATURAL HISTORY OF BIRDS.
BOOK XXII.
THE PROPERTIES OF PLANTS AND FRUITS.
BOOK XXXII.
REMEDIES DERIVED FROM AQUATIC ANIMALS.
1 So called from the silversmiths who respectively introduced them. The Gratian plate is mentioned by Martial, B. iv. Epigr. 39.
2 "Etenim tabernas mensis adoptamus."
3 "Anaglypta." Plate chased in relief. It is mentioned in the Epigram of Martial above referred to.
4 "Asperitatemque exciso circa liniarum picturas,"—a passage, the obscurity of which, as Littré remarks, seems to set translation at defiance.
5 He alludes, probably to tiers of shelves on the beaufets or sideboards —"repositoria"—similar to those used for the display of plate in the middle ages. Petronius Arbiter speaks of a round "repositorium," which seems to have borne a considerable resemblance to our "dumb waiters." The "repositoria" here alluded to by Pliny were probably made of silver.
6 "Interradimus."
7 "Carrucæ." The "carruca" was a carriage, the name of which only occurs under the emperors, the present being the first mention of it. It had four wheels and was used in travelling, like the "carpentum." Martial, B. iii. Epig. 47, uses the word as synonymous with "rheda." Alexander Severus allowed the senators to have them plated with silver. The name is of Celtic origin, and is the basis of the mediæval word "carucate," and the French carrosse.
The Natural History. Pliny the Elder. John Bostock, M.D., F.R.S. H.T. Riley, Esq., B.A. London. Taylor and Francis, Red Lion Court, Fleet Street. 1855.
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- E. T. Merrill, Commentary on Catullus, 17
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