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91.
When the Lydians came, and spoke as they had been instructed, the priestess (it is said) made the following reply. “No one may escape his lot, not even a god. Croesus has paid for the sin of his ancestor of the fifth generation before, who was led by the guile of a woman to kill his master, though he was one of the guard of the Heraclidae, and who took to himself the royal state of that master, to which he had no right.
[2]
And it was the wish of Loxias that the evil lot of Sardis fall in the lifetime of Croesus' sons, not in his own; but he could not deflect the Fates.
[3]
Yet as far as they gave in, he did accomplish his wish and favor Croesus: for he delayed the taking of Sardis for three years. And let Croesus know this: that although he is now taken, it is by so many years later than the destined hour. And further, Loxias saved Croesus from burning.
[4]
But as to the oracle that was given to him, Croesus is wrong to complain concerning it. For Loxias declared to him that if he led an army against the Persians, he would destroy a great empire. Therefore he ought, if he had wanted to plan well, to have sent and asked whether the god spoke of Croesus' or of Cyrus' empire. But he did not understood what was spoken, or make further inquiry: for which now let him blame himself.
[5]
When he asked that last question of the oracle and Loxias gave him that answer concerning the mule, even that Croesus did not understand. For that mule was in fact Cyrus, who was the son of two parents not of the same people, of whom the mother was better and the father inferior:
[6]
for she was a Mede and the daughter of Astyages king of the Medes; but he was a Persian and a subject of the Medes and although in all respects her inferior he married this lady of his.” This was the answer of the priestess to the Lydians. They carried it to Sardis and told Croesus, and when he heard it, he confessed that the sin was not the god's, but his. And this is the story of Croesus' rule, and of the first overthrow of Ionia.
Herodotus, with an English translation by A. D. Godley. Cambridge. Harvard University Press. 1920.
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References (45 total)
- Commentary references to this page (2):
- Cross-references to this page
(11):
- Aristotle, Rhetoric, Aristot. Rh. 3.5
- Herbert Weir Smyth, A Greek Grammar for Colleges, ADJECTIVES
- Raphael Kühner, Bernhard Gerth, Ausführliche Grammatik der griechischen Sprache, KG 1.3.2
- Raphael Kühner, Bernhard Gerth, Ausführliche Grammatik der griechischen Sprache, KG 3.2.2
- Raphael Kühner, Bernhard Gerth, Ausführliche Grammatik der griechischen Sprache, KG 3.5.3
- William Watson Goodwin, Syntax of the Moods and Tenses of the Greek Verb, Chapter II
- William Watson Goodwin, Syntax of the Moods and Tenses of the Greek Verb, Chapter VI
- Basil L. Gildersleeve, Syntax of Classical Greek, Forms of the subject.
- Sir Richard C. Jebb, Selections from the Attic Orators, 8.32
- Smith's Bio, Lo'xias
- Smith's Bio, Moira
- Cross-references in notes to this page
(2):
- Aristotle, Rhetoric, Aristot. Rh. 3.5
- Thomas R. Martin, An Overview of Classical Greek History from Mycenae to Alexander, Clash Between Greeks and Persians
- Cross-references in general dictionaries to this page
(30):
- LSJ, Λοξ-ίας
- LSJ, Μηδ-ίς
- LSJ, ἁμαρτάς
- LSJ, ἄρχω
- LSJ, ἀδυ?́να^τ-ος
- LSJ, ἀναφέρω
- LSJ, ἀπο-φεύγω
- LSJ, ἀρχή
- LSJ, δεσπότ-ης
- LSJ, ἔνερθε
- LSJ, ἐκπίμπλημι
- LSJ, ἐνδίδωμι
- LSJ, ἐπανα-βάλλω
- LSJ, ἐπαν-είρομαι
- LSJ, ἐπαρκ-έω
- LSJ, γον-εύς
- LSJ, μέμφομαι
- LSJ, μοῖρα
- LSJ, ὁμοεθν-ής
- LSJ, πάθος
- LSJ, παρ-άγω
- LSJ, πόρω
- LSJ, πότερος
- LSJ, προθυ_μ-έομαι
- LSJ, συνοικ-έω
- LSJ, τελευτ-αῖος
- LSJ, ὕστερος
- LSJ, ὑποδεής
- LSJ, ὡς
- LSJ, χα^ρίζω
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