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BOOK I.
BOOK II. AN ACCOUNT OF THE WORLD AND THE ELEMENTS.
BOOK III. AN ACCOUNT OF COUNTRIES, NATIONS, SEAS, TOWNS, HAVENS, MOUNTAINS, RIVERS, DISTANCES, AND PEOPLES WHO NOW EXIST OR FORMERLY EXISTED.
BOOK IV. AN ACCOUNT OF COUNTRIES, NATIONS, SEAS, TOWNS,
HAVENS, MOUNTAINS, RIVERS, DISTANCES, AND PEOPLES WHO NOW EXIST OR
FORMERLY EXISTED.
BOOK V.
AN ACCOUNT OF COUNTRIES, NATIONS, SEAS, TOWNS, HAVENS, MOUNTAINS, RIVERS, DISTANCES, AND PEOPLES WHO NOW EXIST OR FORMERLY EXISTED.
BOOK VI. AN ACCOUNT OF COUNTRIES, NATIONS, SEAS, TOWNS,
HAVENS, MOUNTAINS, RIVERS, DISTANCES, AND PEOPLES
WHO NOW EXIST, OR FORMERLY EXISTED.
BOOK VII.
MAN, HIS BIRTH, HIS ORGANIZATION, AND THE INVENTION OF THE ARTS.
BOOK VIII. THE NATURE OF THE TERRESTRIAL ANIMALS.
BOOK IX. THE NATURAL HISTORY OF FISHES.
BOOK X. THE NATURAL HISTORY OF BIRDS.
BOOK XI. THE VARIOUS KINDS OF INSECTS.
BOOK XII. THE NATURAL HISTORY OF TREES
BOOK XIII. THE NATURAL HISTORY OF EXOTIC TREES, AND AN
ACCOUNT OF UNGUENTS.
BOOK XIV. THE NATURAL HISTORY OF THE FRUIT TREES.
BOOK XV. THE NATURAL HISTORY OF THE FRUIT-TREES.
BOOK XVI. THE NATURAL HISTORY OF THE FOREST TREES.
BOOK XVII. THE NATURAL HISTORY OF THE CULTIVATED TREES.
BOOK XVIII. THE NATURAL HISTORY OF GRAIN.
BOOK XIX.
THE NATURE AND CULTIVATION OF FLAX, AND AN
ACCOUNT OF VARIOUS GARDEN PLANTS.
BOOK XX.
REMEDIES DERIVED FROM THE GARDEN PLANTS.
BOOK XXI.
AN ACCOUNT OF FLOWERS. AND THOSE USED FOR
CHAPLETS MORE PARTICULARLY.
BOOK XXII.
THE PROPERTIES OF PLANTS AND FRUITS.
BOOK XXIII.
THE REMEDIES DERIVED FROM THE CULTIVATED TREES.
BOOK XXIV.
THE REMEDIES DERIVED FROM THE FOREST TREES.
BOOK XXV.
THE NATURAL HISTORY OF WILD PLANT
BOOK XXVI.
A CONTINUATION OF THE REMEDIES DERIVED FROM
PLANTS, CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO PARTICULAR
DISEASES.
BOOK XXVII.
A DESCRIPTION OF PLANTS, AND OF THE REMEDIES DERIVED FROM THEM.
BOOK XXVIII.
REMEDIES DERIVED FROM LIVING CREATURES.
BOOK XXIX.
REMEDIES DERIVED FROM LIVING CREATURES.
BOOK XXX.
REMEDIES DERIEVED FROM LIVING CREATURES.
BOOK XXXI.
REMEDIES DERIVED FROM THE AQUATIC PRODUCTION
BOOK XXXII.
REMEDIES DERIVED FROM AQUATIC ANIMALS.
BOOK XXXIII.
THE NATURAL HISTORY OF METALS.
BOOK XXXIV.
THE NATURAL HISTORY OF METALS.
BOOK XXXV.
AN ACCOUNT OF PAINTINGS AND COLOURS.
BOOK XXXVI.
THE NATURAL HISTORY OF STONES.
BOOK XXXVII.
THE NATURAL HISTORY OF PRECIOUS STONES.
chapter:
CHAP. 1. (1.)—THE HONOUR ATTACHED TO PAINTING.
CHAP. 2. (2.)—THE HONOUR ATTACHED TO PORTRAITS.
CHAP. 3. (3.)—WHEN SHIELDS WERE FIRST INVENTED WITH
PORTRAITS UPON THEM; AND WHEN THEY WERE FIRST ERECTED
IN PUBLIC.
CHAP. 4.—WHEN THESE SHIELDS WERE FIRST PLACED IN
PRIVATE HOUSES.
CHAP. 5.—THE COMMENCEMENT OF THE ART OF PAINTING. MO-
NOCHROME PAINTINGS. THE EARLIEST PAINTERS.
CHAP. 6.—THE ANTIQUITY OF PAINTING IN ITALY.
CHAP. 7. (4.)—ROMAN PAINTERS.
CHAP. 8.—AT WHAT PERIOD FOREIGN PAINTINGS WERE FIRST
INTRODUCED AT ROME.
CHAP. 9.—AT WHAT PERIOD PAINTING WAS FIRST HELD IN HIGH
ESTEEM AT ROME, AND FROM WHAT CAUSES.
CHAP. 10.—WHAT PICTURES THE EMPERORS HAVE EXHIBITED
IN PUBLIC.
CHAP. 11. (5.)—THE ART OF PAINTING.
CHAP. 12. (6.)—PIGMENTS OTHER THAN THOSE OF A METALLIC
ORIGIN. ARTIFICIAL COLOURS.
CHAP. 13.—SINOPIS: ELEVEN REMEDIES.
CHAP. 14.—RUBRICA; LEMNIAN EARTH: FOUR REMEDIES.
CHAP. 15.—EGYPTIAN EARTH.
CHAP. 16.—OCHRA: REMEDIES DERIVED FROM RUBRICA.
CHAP. 17.—LEUCOPHORON.
CHAP. 18.—PARÆTONIUM.
CHAP. 19.—MELINUM: SIX REMEDIES. CERUSE.
CHAP. 20.—USTA.
CHAP. 21.—ERETRIA.
CHAP. 22.—SANDARACH.
CHAP. 23.—SANDYX.
CHAP. 24.—SYRICUM.
CHAP. 25.—ATRAMENTUM.
CHAP. 26.—PURPURISSUM.
CHAP. 27.—INDICUM.
CHAP. 28.—ARMENIUM; ONE REMEDY.
CHAP. 29.—APPIANUM.
CHAP. 30.—ANULARIAN WHITE.
CHAP. 31. (7.)—WHICH COLOURS DO NOT ADMIT OF BEING
LAID ON A WET COATING.
CHAP. 32.—WHAT COLOURS WERE USED BY THE ANCIENTS IN
PAINTING.
CHAP. 33.—AT WHAT TIME COMBATS OF GLADIATORS WERE FIRST
PAINTED AND PUBLICLY EXHIBITED.
CHAP. 34. (8.)—THE AGE OF PAINTING; WITH THE NAMES OF
THE MORE CELEBRATED WORKS AND ARTISTS, FOUR HUNDRED
AND FIVE IN NUMBER.
CHAP. 35. (9.)—THE FIRST CONTEST FOR EXCELLENCE IN THE
PICTORIAL ART.
CHAP. 36.—ARTISTS WHO PAINTED WITH THE PENCIL.
CHAP. 37.—VARIOUS OTHER KINDS OF PAINTING.
CHAP. 38. (11.)—AN EFFECTUAL WAY OF PUTTING A STOP TO THE
SINGING OF BIRDS.
CHAP. 39.—ARTISTS WHO HAVE PAINTED IN ENCAUSTICS OR WAX,
WITH EITHER THE CESTRUM OR THE PENCIL.
CHAP. 40.—THE FIRST INVENTORS OF VARIOUS KINDS OF
PAINTING. THE GREATEST DIFFICULTIES IN THE ART OF
PAINTING. THE SEVERAL VARIETIES OF PAINTING. THE FIRST
ARTIST THAT PAINTED CEILINGS. WHEN ARCHED ROOFS WERE
FIRST PAINTED. THE MARVELLOUS PRICE OF SOME PICTURES.
CHAP. 41.—ENCAUSTIC PAINTING.
CHAP. 42.—THE COLOURING OF TISSUES.
CHAP. 43. (12.)—THE INVENTORS OF THE ART OF MODELLING.
CHAP. 44.—WHO WAS THE FIRST TO MOULD FIGURES IN IMITATION
OF THE FEATURES OF LIVING PERSONS, OR OF STATUES.
CHAP. 45.—THE MOST FAMOUS MODELLERS.
CHAP. 46.—WORKS IN POTTERY.
CHAP. 47. (13.)—VARIOUS KINDS OF EARTH. THE PUTEOLAN DUST,
AND OTHER EARTHS OF WHICH CEMENTS LIKE STONE ARE MADE.
CHAP. 48. (14.)—FORMACEAN WALLS.
CHAP. 49.—WALLS OF BRICK. THE METHOD OF MAKING BRICKS.
CHAP. 50. (15.)—SULPHUR, AND THE SEVERAL VARIETIES OF IT:
FOURTEEN REMEDIES.
CHAP. 51.—BITUMEN, AND THE SEVERAL VARIETIES OF IT;
TWENTY-SEVEN REMEDIES.
CHAP. 52.—ALUMEN, AND THE SEVERAL VARIETIES OF IT;
THIRTY-EIGHT REMEDIES.
CHAP. 53. (16.)—SAMIAN EARTH: THREE REMEDIES.
CHAP. 54.—THE VARIOUS KINDS OF ERETRIA.
CHAP. 55.—THE METHOD OF WASHING EARTHS FOR MEDICINAL
PURPOSES.
CHAP. 56.—CHIAN EARTH; THREE REMEDIES. SELINUSIAN EARTH;
THREE REMEDIES. PNIGITIS; NINE REMEDIES. AMPELITIS; FOUR
REMEDIES.
CHAP. 57. (17.)—CRETACEOUS EARTHS USED FOR SCOURING CLOTH.
CIMOLIAN EARTH; NINE REMEDIES. SARDINIAN EARTH. UMBRIAN
EARTH. SAXUM.
CHAP. 58.—ARGENTARIA. NAMES OF FREEDMEN WHO HAVE
EITHER RISEN TO POWER THEMSELVES, OR HAVE BELONGED TO
MEN OF INFLUENCE.
CHAP. 59. (19.)—THE EARTH OF GALATA; OF CLYPEA; OF THE
BALEARES; AND OF EBUSUS.
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Table of Contents:
BOOK VII.
MAN, HIS BIRTH, HIS ORGANIZATION, AND THE INVENTION OF THE ARTS.
BOOK X. THE NATURAL HISTORY OF BIRDS.
BOOK XXII.
THE PROPERTIES OF PLANTS AND FRUITS.
BOOK XXXII.
REMEDIES DERIVED FROM AQUATIC ANIMALS.
1 See Chapter 39 of this Book. Pausias painted in wax with the cestrum.
2 Wornum is of opinion that this must have been a species of drawing with a heated point, upon ivory, without the use of wax. Smith's Dict. Antiq. Art. Painting.
3 This method, as Wornum remarks, though first employed on ships, was not necessarily confined to ship-painting; and it must have been a very different style of painting from the ship-colouring of Homer, since it was of a later date even than the preceding methods.
4 Though he says nothing here of the use of the "cauterium," or process of burning in, its employment may certainly be inferred from what he has said in Chapter 39. Wornum is of opinion that the definition at the beginning of this Chapter, of two methods apparently, "in wax and on ivory," is in reality an explanation of one method only, and that the ancient modes of painting in encaustic were not only three, but several.
The Natural History. Pliny the Elder. John Bostock, M.D., F.R.S. H.T. Riley, Esq., B.A. London. Taylor and Francis, Red Lion Court, Fleet Street. 1855.
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- Harper's, Pictūra
- A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities (1890), ATRAMENTUM
- Cross-references in general dictionaries to this page
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- Lewis & Short, ac-cresco
- Lewis & Short, ātrāmentum
- Lewis & Short, ef-fŏdĭo
- Lewis & Short, sulfŭrĕus
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