Pliny the Elder, Naturalis Historia, liber iii, chapter 5

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baetica, a flumine mediam secante cognominata, cunctas provinciarum diviti cultu et quodam fertili ac peculiari nitore praecedit. iuridici conventus ei iiii, gaditanus, cordubensis, astigitanus, hispalensis. oppida omnia numero clxxv, in iis coloniae viiii, municipia c. r. x, latio antiquitus donata xxvii, libertate vi, foedere iii, stipendiaria cxx. ex his digna memoratu aut latio sermone dictu facilia, a flumine ana litore oceani oppidum ossonoba, aestuaria cognominatum, inter confluentes luxiam et vrium, hareni montes, baetis fluvius, litus curense inflexo sinu, cuius ex adverso gadis inter insulas dicenda, promunturium iunonis, portus baesippo, oppidum baelo, mellaria, fretum ex atlantico mari, carteia, tartesos a graecis dicta, mons calpe. dein litore interno oppida barbesula cum fluvio, item salduba, oppidum suel, malaca cum fluvio foederatorum. dein maenuba cum fluvio, sexi cognomine firmum iulium, sel, abdara, murgi, baeticae finis. oram eam in universum originis poenorum existimavit m. agrippa; ab ana autem atlantico oceano obversa bastulorum turdulorumque est. in universam hispaniam M. Varro pervenisse hiberos et persas et phoenicas celtasque et poenos tradit. lusum enim liberi patris aut lyssam cum eo bacchantium nomen dedisse lusitaniae et pana praefectum eius universae. at quae de hercule ac pyrene vel saturno traduntur fabulosa in primis arbitror.

Naturalis Historia. Pliny the Elder. Karl Friedrich Theodor Mayhoff. Lipsiae. Teubner. 1906.

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Pliny the Elder, Naturalis Historia
Karl Friedrich Theodor Mayhoff, Ed.

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Pliny the Elder, Naturalis Historia Karl Friedrich Theodor Mayhoff, Ed.

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Pliny the Elder, Naturalis Historia
Karl Friedrich Theodor Mayhoff, Ed.