KALYNDA
(Kozpinar) Turkey.
City in Caria
or Lycia, ca. 4 km E of Dalaman, 32 km NW of Fethiye.
Kalynda appears in the Athenian tribute lists with a
tribute of one talent, and is mentioned twice by Herodotos: from 1.172 it appears that it lay close to Kaunos,
and in 8.87-88 it supplies one ship to Xerxes' fleet. From
the Zeno papyri it appears that in the 3d c. it was in
Ptolemaic hands, and it was still independent about 200
B.C. when the Delphian theori paid it a visit. Before 164
B.C. it had come under the control of Kaunos, from
which it revolted in that year and was given to Rhodes
by the Roman Senate. The rare Kalyndian coins are of
late Hellenistic date; none seem to have been issued under the Empire, and it is probable that by that time the
city was incoporated in Kaunos. In the 1st c. A.D. it was
attached to the Lycian League, and in the 2d was among
the beneficiaries of Opramoas of Rhodiapolis; earlier it
is reckoned a Carian city. It is listed by Pliny, Ptolemy,
and Stephanos, but does not appear in the Byzantine
bishopric lists.
The site at Kozpinar agrees well with the ancient
notices; in particular, Strabo (
651) places it 60 stades
from the sea; the actual distance is 9.6 km. The hill, of
moderate height, is enclosed by a ring wall of rather
rough polygonal masonry, topped in places by a mediaeval wall. The style varies, but some parts at least seem
to date to the early Hellenistic period. At the N end is
a tower or small fort divided into two chambers; the
masonry is good regular Hellenistic ashlar, with a door
on the N side. There are two or three other towers in
the wall circuit. No remains of public buildings are in
evidence, but a great many building blocks, cut and uncut, are strewn over the whole area, and house foundations are discernible in many places. The absence of
Roman remains is noticeable, and agrees with the history
of the place as it appears from other evidence.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
E. Davies & W. Arkwright,
JHS 15
(1895) 97; G. E. Bean,
JHS 73 (1953) 25-26
I; P. Roos,
Opuscula Atheniensia 9 (1969) 72-74
I.
G. E. BEAN